By August 1860 the state's militia consisted of 62 regiments divided into eight brigades, which comprised an eastern division and a western division. Future Governor Isaac Murphy was the only "No" vote. Colonel Peel was eventually superseded by Charles W. Adams, resulting in what is known as 3rd Regiment, Arkansas State Troops (Adams'), which, was disbanded after breaking under fire during the Battle of Prairie Grove. Organization List of Union Civil War monuments and memorials, List of memorials to the Grand Army of the Republic, Confederate artworks in the United States Capitol, List of Confederate monuments and memorials, Removal of Confederate monuments and memorials. Given the great distance involved, even before Union forces established effective control of the Mississippi River, many duplications occurred. In response, President Lincoln called upon the "militia of the several states" to provide 75,000 troops to put down the rebellion. By February 1861, six more Southern states made similar declarations. VIIIReports, page 642, accessed January 24, 2010. The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union And Confederate Armies. The last standard infantry regiment formed in Arkansas during the war was the 39th Arkansas Infantry Regiment, formed in 1862. Although Arkansas joined the Confederate States of America in 1861, not all of its citizens supported secession. 14th Arkansas Infantry Regiment (Powers'). Series 1, Volume 39, In Three Parts. One infantry regiment, the Third Arkansas, served in the eastern theater for the duration of the war, thus making it the state's most celebrated Confederate military unit. Haimerl, David "Clarkson's Battalion CSA: A Brief History and Roster", (Two Trails Publishing, 2005). As stipulated by the Reconstruction Acts during the Reconstruction period,[75] Arkansas and Mississippi were part of the Fourth Military District of the U.S. Army. 1st Arkansas Cavalry Regiment (Union) - Wikipedia Series 1, Volume 20, In Two Parts. 19th Arkansas Infantry Regiment (Hardy's), The basic building block of a regiment during the Civil War period was the volunteer company. [8], Governor Rector, now armed with the city council's request, took control of the military situation. They were usually assigned individually to an infantry or cavalry brigade. [21] The Military Board was to oversee the organization of a state army; to arm, feed, and clothe the troops; and to call out the forces for such military expeditions as might be necessary to defend the state. From, Fight and Survive! Christ, Mark K., and Patrick G. Williams, eds. Infantry battalions were not intended to be standing organizations during the Civil War. Only 11,000 arms made it to Pine Bluff. Mustered out August 10, 1864. Hindman, Thomas C., Trans-Mississippi Photo Archive, Accessed 2 January 2018. He moved his 17,000-man army back into Missouri to take advantage of better transportation routes and headed east. This act actually specifically forbid the use of conscription to raise to units. [10] Later, artillery batteries were set up at Helena on the Mississippi River and Pine Bluff on the Arkansas to prevent reinforcement of Federal military posts. The new regiments of State Troops were mustered into service for 90 days. Burgevin complained of the impropriety of a direct offer of volunteers to the governor of a State which had not seceded, and might not secede. [2] The list of Confederate units is shown separately. It was poised to strike deep into central Arkansas and seize Little Rock itself as soon as supplies were gathered. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1985. [177], The later home guards were normally enlisted for a period of twelve months, and were subject to the orders of the governor. Only one Militia Regiment, the 45th Arkansas Militia Regiment of Searcy County, was mobilized for service during the war. Union Regiments - Arkansas - Civil War Archive The list of Union units is shown separately. 394403, Accessed February 2, 2011. Gerdes, Edward G., "11TH ARKANSAS INFANTRY REGIMENT", Edward G. Gerdes Civil War Page, Accessed January 30, 2011. Poor weather, difficult terrain, and lack of consistent resupply slowed their progress. Two Confederate generals were killed in action and the resulting Union victory allowed control of the border state of Missouri for the . [67][68] When the Trans-Mississippi Department surrendered, all of the Arkansas infantry regiments were encamped in and around Marshall, Texas, since war-ravaged Arkansas was no longer able to provide adequate sustenance to the army. With the state capital and Fort Smith in Union control, Union leaders withdrew many Union forces from Arkansas to reinforce armies operating east of the Mississippi river, leaving the Murphy government powerless in areas beyond the reach of Union garrisons along the Arkansas river valley. [27], The Convention elected three of its members as commanders of the new army: Major General James Yell of Jefferson County (overall commander) Nicholas B. Pearce, a graduate of West Point and resident of Benton County (commander of the First Division), and Thomas H. Bradley of Crittenden County (commander of the Second Division). OR-Series I, Volume XXII, Chapter XXXIV, Pg 601, cited at "DEVIL'S BACKBONE, ARKANSAS", Accessed November 7, 2011, Shea, William Fields of Blood: The Prairie Grove Campaign, University of North Carolina Press, 2009. Volunteers usually went into already existing units. [4], Communications with the Confederate War Department also led to much confusion. "Snapshot Within a Portrait: The Civil War in Clark County, Arkansas, 18611865." Beginning in 1862, the Confederate States west of the Mississippi River were assigned to the Department of the Trans-Mississippi. On February 7, the seven states adopted a provisional constitution and established their temporary capital at Montgomery, Alabama. [20] Now, faced with President Lincoln's demand for troops, the convention reconvened in Little Rock and, on May 6, 1861, passed the ordinance of secession[21] by a vote of 69 to 1. [139], Company E, 14th Georgia Artillery Battalion, Company D, 4th Arkansas Infantry Battalion[142], Company B, 1st Tennessee Heavy Artillery (2nd Organization)[155], Company A, 1st Tennessee Light Artillery(2nd Organization)[155], Company G, 18th Arkansas Infantry Regiment (Marmaduke's)[160]. 15th (Northwest) Arkansas Infantry Regiment, 21st Arkansas Infantry Regiment (Craven's), 18th Arkansas Infantry Regiment In the meantime, Governor Rector sent dispatches to President Jefferson Davis threatening to secede from the Confederacy unless Davis sent some sort of support. Lieutenant Colonel Pettus was killed during the battle and Captain P.K. Most of these consolidations were considered "field consolidations" which were intended to be temporary organizations, until recruits could be obtained. The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union And Confederate Armies. Part 1, Reports., Book, 1887, Page 174; digital images, (. Brothers in Arms: Civil War Exhibition. A thorough analysis of the Military Board may be found in Leo E. Huff, "The Military Board in Confederate Arkansas", Arkansas Historical Quarterly, XXVI (Spring 1967), pp. Howerton, Bryan, "1st Arkansas Consolidated" Arkansas in the Civil War Message Board, Posted October 5, 2011, Accessed October 6, United States. Rushing, Anthony, "Re: List of Arkansas Civil War Confederate units" Posted December 16, 2011, Accessed December 20, 2011. Local Union commanders, who had been aggressively enforcing the Confiscation Acts to grant freedom to slaves of rebel owners, put the Proclamation into effect immediately, freeing many slaves in the area. The Confederate Conscription Act of April 1862 had expressly forbid the raising of new units through conscription. 150 Years Ago Today, William M. Bruce, Arkadelphia, Arkansas, to Governor Henry M. Rector, Kie Oldham papers, Arkansas History Commission, Accessed August 16, 2013. The Lion of the South: General Thomas C. Hindman. This practice led some Missouri units to be mislabeled as Arkansas Units, and some Arkansas units being mislabeled as Missouri units. Hindman had approximately 1,200 Texas horsemen to confront this force. The purpose of the series of meetings was to discuss the future treaties and land allocations following the close of the American Civil War and involved Indian tribes east of the Rockies. Howerton, Bryan, " 40th, 42nd, 46th and 48th Arkansas" Arkansas in the Civil War Message Board, Posted 1 August 2011, 9:10 pm, Accessed 2 August 2011. [9], Company C, 20th Alabama Light Artillery Battalion, Company H, 28th Georgia Artillery Battalion. Due to a lack of appropriate weapons and training in actual cavalry tactics, most Arkansas horsesoldiers were actually Mounted Infantry. At the same time the voters were to elect delegates to the convention in case the vote should be favorable. [65], On April 9, 1865, the Third Arkansas was among the regiments that surrendered with the Army of Northern Virginia at Appomattox. He established his base of supply at Rolla, Missouri. While none of the prewar militia regiments were enrolled into Confederate service, many of the existing Volunteer Militia Companies were enrolled into new volunteer regiments. Howerton, Bryan, and Taylor, Doyle, "19th Arkansas Regiment, No. Arkansas was a member of the Confederacy during the war, and provided troops, supplies, and military and political leaders. Organized at Fayetteville, Arkansas, and Springfield, Missouri, January to August, 1863. Attempts were made to maintain the separate identity of the original regiments in these temporary or field consolidations. Multiple Confederate commanders lamented the fact that the country had been "eaten out" by cavalry. Rushing, Anthony: "Re: Camden Expedition battles" Posted September 17, 2010, Accessed December 24, 2011, United States. Numerous skirmishes as well as several significant battles were fought in Arkansas, including the Battle of Elkhorn Tavern in March 1862, a decisive one for the Trans-Mississippi Theater which ensured Union control of northern Arkansas. When Cleburne's regiment's documents reached the war department, the duplication was discovered and Cleburne's regiment was re-designated as the 15th Arkansas. Part 1, Reports., Book, 1895, Page 1057; digital images, (. Arkansas in the American Civil War - Wikipedia Price, commanding the District of Arkansas in place of Holmes, opposed Steele's advance with his cavalry forces while strengthening the northern approaches to the city. All but one infantry regiment and all of the cavalry and artillery units served most of the war in what was known as the "Western Theater", where there were few battles that were on the scale of those in the "Eastern Theater". Hindman did have a ready supply of experienced officers to help him in his reorganization. [82], Arkansas mounted units consisted of three types, Cavalry, Mounted Infantry, and Partisan Rangers. [28][29], The Secession Convention enacted an ordinance on May 30, 1861, that called upon all the counties in the State to appoint a "home guard of minute men" for local defense, until regular military regiments could be raised and deployed. Howerton, Bryan "Coleman's Missouri/Arkansas Cavalry", Arkansas in the Civil War Message Board, posted October 18, 2017, accessed February 8, 2018, Sayers, Alethea D.: "Introduction To Civil War Cavalry. [76], .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}3448N 9212W / 34.8N 92.2W / 34.8; -92.2. An example of this is Dawson's 19th Arkansas Infantry. In July 1861 an agreement was reached to transfer the existing state forces into the Confederate army. If the C.S.A. The component batteries rarely, if ever, operated together. Newton's 10th Arkansas Cavalry", Hope, Arkansas, October 17, 1912, Posted on Rootsweb, and Ancestry.com Community, Accessed May 12, 2011. Third Arkansas Cavalry (US) - Encyclopedia of Arkansas The War of the Rebellion: a Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies. Hempstead, Fay, "A Pictorial History of Arkansas" St. Louis and New York, N. D. Thompson publishing company, 1890, Call number: 9197481, Page 432, Accessed October 31, 2011. Before a new unit obtained its final or Confederate designation, the regimental muster rolls and election returns had to be forwarded to the Confederate War Department which would assign the next available number, according to its numbering scheme. Rector told Roane to stop any troops passing through the state and use them for the state's defense. The fall of Little Rock provided the opportunity to create a new pro-Union state government. "[35] By November 1861 Governor Rector reported that 21 regiments had been raised for the war effort, a total of 16,000 men, and an additional 6,000 men were soon to be in the ranks.[34]. Almost immediately, the Confederate War Department realized that it had just awarded this designation to Cleburne's former 1st Arkansas, so McRea's Regiment was redesignated as the 15th (Northwest) Arkansas Infantry Regiment. Ultimately, Price decided to abandon the city rather than risk being trapped in a siege operation. THE WAR OF THE REBELLION, THE OFFICIAL RECORD OF THE UNION AND CONFEDERATE ARMIES, SERIES IVOLUME LIU, GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, 1898, Page 889, Accessed May 11, 2011. [49] His administration was faced with shortages of critical items, rising prices, care of fallen soldier's families, and related problems. [73] Under the Military Reconstruction Act, Congress readmitted Arkansas to the Union in June 1868. The regiment was the standard organization for both the Union and Confederate Armies. ", Arkansas in the Civil War Message Board, Posted November 25, 2005, accessed June 2, 2012. The site currently includes regimental histories of units from 44 states and territories. With no organized regiments in Arkansas, Hindman was forced to create new units. Howerton, Bryan, "Brandenburch's Arkansas Cavalry Regiment", Arkansas in the Civil War Message Board, Posted October 21, 2011, Accessed October 27, 2011. As Confederate units lost access to the geographical area's that they were organized in, they lost any ability to recruit replacements for their battlefield and non battlefield losses. Arkansas Historical Quarterly 13 (Autumn 1954): 172195, Huff, Col. Leo E., The Military Board in Confederate Arkansas, Arkansas Historical Quarterly, Page 76. The Division: Defending Little Rock, August 25September 10, 1863. Allardice, Bruce: "Mounted or dismounted", Arkansas in the Civil War Message Board, Posted September 9, 2007, Accessed December 12, 2011. The opinion seemed to prevail that Arkansas should secede only if the United States' government made war on the Southern states. Gladstone, William A., United States Colored Troops, p. 120. This page was last edited on 16 February 2023, at 14:46. The Battle of Westport (Kansas City, MO: Franklin Hudson Publishing Co.), 1906., See Also, Monnett, Howard N. Action Before Westport: 1864 (Niwot, CO: University Press of Colorado), 1995. The state also supplied four infantry regiments, four cavalry regiments and one artillery battery of white troops for the Union and six infantry regiments and one artillery battery of "U.S. Many of the Arkansas regiments organized in the summer of 1861 would serve under General Albert Sidney Johnston at the Battle of Shiloh in April 1862 and would eventually be assigned to Patrick Cleburne's division of the Army of Tennessee, and the remnants would surrender with that army in North Carolina at the close of the war. Part 4, Correspondence, Etc., Book, 1893, Page 1145; digital images, (, United States. Several have only one identified unit member. Grooms, Ed: "Fristoe's Regiment Missouri Cavalry", Edward G. Gerdes Civil War Page, Accessed December 23, 2011. War Dept. Additionally, six infantry regiments and one artillery battery of African Descent were attributed to the state. Governor Flanagin took the state archives and moved first to Arkadelphia, and then on to Washington in Hempstead County where he set up a new capitol. Jerry and Victor Ponder's "Confederate Surrender and Parole: Jacksonport and Wittsburg, Arkansas, May and June 1865" [Ponder Books, 1995]. The information in this list of Arkansas Military Units comes from the Civil War Soldiers and Sailors web site (CWSS). War Dept. Hindman found that his command was "bare of soldiers, penniless, defenseless, and dreadfully exposed" to the Federal Army that was approaching dangerously from the northwest. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. Press, 2001. These weapons had come from the arsenal of eastern Confederate states that had been returned to the state arsenals as the Confederates had re-equipped themselves with the better captured Union arms. When rumors were circulated that the Federal Government intended to reinforce the troops at the Little Rock Arsenal, the leading citizens of Helena sent Governor Henry M. Rector a telegram volunteering 500 men to assist in its seizure. The 40th and 43rd were assigned to either 15th (Northwest) or the 19th (Dockery's) Arkansas, but it is impossible to be sure which was which because of the illegibility of the original documents. "[177], The main reason for the creation of the home guard was to control the excesses of so-called "Vigilance Committees" which had been organized in various parts of the State from about 1859 to 1861 in response to hysterical (and unfounded) rumors of nefarious abolitionist plots and secret underground organizations. Yearns, W. Buck, ed. Like most states, Arkansas possessed a prewar Militia organization, which consisted of seventy one regiments, organized into eight brigades, and divided into two divisions. 1, Ch. [1] In addition, 5,526 African-Americans served in Union units raised in Arkansas. page 777 781, Accessed 3 March 2010. During the American Civil War, Arkansas was a Confederate state, though it had initially voted to remain in the Union. The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union And Confederate Armies.
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