In 1585, Queen Elizabeth I of England took the United Provinces of the Netherlands under her protection and signed the Treaty of Nonsuch with the States-General. Date: September 29, 1862 Donor: Dan and Linda Fout Description: John and Allen Lovejoy's regiment was held in reserve during the Battle of South Mountain and they were stationed in Burkittsville to assist in the field hospitals. South Mountain State Battlefield - Maryland Department of Natural Resources Our FREE Virtual Teacher Institute is the can't miss online educator event of the summer. On March 1, Brigadier General P. G. T. Beauregard arrived in Charleston. To calculate the overall star rating and percentage breakdown by star, we dont use a simple average. Seeing the good order of Verdugo and Del Vasto's men, the English and Dutch commanders did not renew the action and began to retire back to their camp. The most comprehensive and authoritative history site on the Internet. Near the Pennsylvania border, the mountain merges with the hills of the parallel Catoctin Mountain range to the east and becomes more like a low mountain range than a single crest. I wanted to find out as much of the last day of my G. G. Grandfather's life as I could. In September 1862, Robert E. Lee led the Army of Northern Virginia north of the Potomac River for the time as part of his Northern invasion, seeking a quick end to the war. [17] The English soldiers, unlike the Dutch, were anxious to engage the Spanish troops. Battle of South Mountain Bought Confederacy Time The battles of Turner's Gap, Fox's Gap and Crampton's Gap were all fought on September 14th, 1862 as Union General George McClellan's Army of the Potomac closed in on General Lee's Army of Northern Virginia. It is the unusual which impresses. The bloody and costly war that raged for four tumultuous years affected the lives of all people in the North and South. [24] Del Vasto retired from the fight and met Verdugo and Johann Baptista von Taxis, who sallied from Zutphen with several troops to join the battle. Antietam, South Mountain, and Harpers Ferry: A Battlefield Guide (This Hallowed Ground: Guides to Civil War Battlefields), Confrontation at Gettysburg: A Nation Saved, A Cause Lost (Civil War Series), Before Antietam: The Battle for South Mountain, Unholy Sabbath: The Battle of South Mountain in History and Memory, September 14, 1862, The Battle of Antietam: The Bloodiest Day (Civil War Series), Your recently viewed items and featured recommendations, No Import Fees Deposit & $10.97 Shipping to Netherlands. At Fort Sumter, This Bizarre, Floating Contraption Helped Start the Civil War. The Battle of South Mountain - amazon.com [11] While the siege continued, he marched to Lingen with his army to intercept a corps of reiters who were being recruited in Germany under Elizabeth I's orders. As the fight approached Zutphen and Francisco Verdugo noticed the musketry fire, he ordered a wagon to be loaded with powder and bullets and sent it to the Spanish arquebusiers. It is simply a factual,oftentimes confusing, account of the various actions during the battle for the South Mountain Gaps in the Maryland Campaign.There is virtually no discussion or analysis of the events and people involved, except to stop every so often and give a brief biograghy of a participant - a tactic that becomes painstakingly predictable. Please try again. The Maryland General Assemblys Office of Legislative Audits operates a toll-free fraud hotline to receive allegations of fraud and/or abuse of State government resources. Lee divided his army in. [4] Leicester's Anglo-Dutch army consisted of 8,000 infantrymainly English and Scottish, but also 1,400 Irishand 3,000 cavalry. I am glad there are those who have taken the time and interest in the different battles of the Civil war to research and write about them. Following South Carolinas secession on December 20, 1860, Governor Francis Pickens was pressured to do something about Anderson and his men since many believed that Anderson would not stay at Fort Moultrie but would take a better position at another of the harbors forts. Length about .6 miles. Two museums explore the literary career of George Alfred Townsend and War Correspondents, and the Battle of South Mountain. Read more. Every purchase supports the mission. Now his army was scattered around western Maryland. Dates September 14, 1862 Generals / Commanders Union: George B. McClellan Confederate: Robert E. Lee Soldiers Engaged Union Army: 28,000 Confederate Army: 18,000 Outcome Union Victory Casualties Union: 2,300 Confederate: 2,600 The Army of the Potomac Finally Beats Bobby Lee's Boys He was nearly killed when an English soldier attacked him with a battleaxe, but a Spanish light horseman surnamed Arenas[23] saved him by transfixing the English with his lance. HistoryNet.com contains daily features, photo galleries and over 25,000 articles originally published in our nine magazines. Battle of South Mountain - Wikiwand April 13, the barracks again caught fire and threatened the ammunition store, in spite of the rainy day. Maj. Gen. Ambrose Burnside commanded the Union I Corps under Gen. Joseph Hooker and the IX Corps under Gen. Jacob Cox. Be Quick. Anderson, after polling his men, once again refused. However, the brutal fighting that occurred on Sunday, September 14, 1862, is worthy of standing alone as an example of courage from both defenders and attackers. Stories Story of the Battle Context and Story of the Battle A Clash of Cultures The Battle of the Little Bighorn was fought along the ridges, steep bluffs, and ravines of the Little Bighorn River, in south-central Montana on June 25-26, 1876. [23] Twice more the English charged upon the squadron, but they were as well repelled. Major summits Maryland Washington Monument on Monument Knob in Maryland From south to north: Lambs Knoll, 1,758 feet (536 m) above sea level Monument Knob, 1,540 feet (470 m) Bartman Hill, 1,400 feet (430 m) Pine Knob, 1,714 feet (522 m) Buzzard Knob, 1,520 feet (460 m) As news of the relief expedition percolated through the Confederate government, Beauregard was instructed to demand the forts surrender and fire on it if surrender was refused. Monuments dedicated to the men who fought here include two devoted to generals killed during the battle: Union Major General Jesse Reno, commander of the Ninth Army Corps, and Confederate Brigadier General Samuel Garland, commander of a North Carolina brigade. [19] At 8:00am, when the Spanish, led by the Marquis del Vasto himself, had passed Warnsveld, Stanley and Lord Audley began to skirmish with the Spanish vanguard. JavaScript is required to use content on this page. Battle of South Mountain - Maryland Department of Natural Resources The Battle of South Mountain was an opening salvo of sorts before Antietam, fought on September 14, 1862 among several mountain passes. Every purchase supports the mission. showing positions at Fox's and Turner's Gaps, Sept. 14th 1862. The Department of Natural Resources leads Maryland in securing a sustainable future for our environment, society, and economy by preserving, protecting, restoring, and enhancing the States natural resources. As far as looking ahead, I would like to see this awareness continued, for increased awareness will bring about increased preservation. A lifelong student of the American Civil War, Hoptak holds a bachelor's degree in history from Kutztown . [35] Stanley's and York's appointments were met with suspicion by the Dutch States, because Stanley was openly Catholic and York a man of dissolute character. Battle of Antietam, also called Battle of Sharpsburg, (September 17, 1862), in the American Civil War (1861-65), a decisive engagement that halted the Confederate invasion of Maryland, an advance that was regarded as one of the greatest Confederate threats to Washington, D.C. The Spanish cavalry opened the way followed by a battalion of foot, two sleeves of musketeers flanking the wagons, and some cavalry closing the way. In a 1732 letter to the colonial governor of Maryland, Captain Civility (Togotolisa) chief of Conestoga warns against settlement in the valley beyond the mountain. Aside from this, being a student of the Federal Ninth Army Corps, South Mountain interested me because the Ninth Corps did all the fighting at Foxs Gap. It was at three mountain passes, referred to as South Mountain, that Lee's army met the Federal forces commanded by General George B. McClellan on September 14. [8], Leicester formed his army over a deep, narrow way, with the elevation where the Dutch were entrenched behind. South Mountain during the Gettysburg Campaign - Emmitsburg This item can be returned in its original condition for a full refund or replacement within 30 days of receipt. [4] The earliest route of the Great Wagon Road crossed South Mountain by Fox's Gap on a course between Middletown and Sharpsburg. This very detailed map shows South Mountain, Turner's and Fox's gaps, and their relationships to Boonsboro and Frost town, Md. While the narrative is strong and generally easy to read, there is a sticking point that becomes the proverbial fly in the soup. What was the solider experience like at this battle? The battle that would be fought therewas the bloodiest single day in American history, and the fight on South Mountain became a little-known prelude, remembered by a handful of monuments in the now-quiet woods. The Battle of South Mountain - John David Koptak - Google Books Reno's now shattered command recrossed the Little Bighorn River and struggled up steep bluffs to regroup atop high ground to the east of the valley fight. Gapland Lodge, built in 1885 as a servants quarters, is now part of Gathland State Park in Maryland. Later in the morning, the barracks caught fire and many of his men had to be used as a fire crew. Did your research of the battle produce any new opinions or subjects of interest related to South Mountain? Battle Of Antietam - HistoryNet The day-long battle, it turned out, gave the Confederates just time enough . Read instantly on your browser with Kindle for Web. So many battle-fields of the Civil War bear double names that we cannot believe the duplication has been accidental. He arrived on the bluffs in time to meet Reno's demoralized survivors. A major thoroughfare in the area during the Civil War, the National Road crosses the mountain here, at one of the three major gaps involved in the battle. However, this battle set the stage for Antietam because it gave the Confederates time to seize Harpers Ferry and concentrate in Maryland. NOTE: THE HARDCOVER FALLS APART DURING READING - THE CHEAP GLUE BINDING BREAKS IN TWO. [23], To reduce the pressure on the Spanish infantry, the Marquis del Vasto collected his cavalry and charged over Stanley's infantry, being in turn repelled. JH: At its most basic level, the Army of the Potomac was attempting to force its way across the mountain in order to carry out George McClellans instructions of cutting the enemy in two and beating him in detail. Lees forces, on the other hand, were simply trying to prevent this from happening. There are some portions of it that are a little difficult to navigate. And these fields need to be preserved and the story of what happened there needs to be known. Donations to the Trust are tax deductible to the full extent allowable under the law. Thus, when McClellan was handed the lost copy of 191, his advanced forces were nearly already at the foot of South Mountain. Oops! Instead, Franklin, convinced he was up against tremendous odds, did not do so. Because of the terrain and because the battle was so spread outI like to say the battle was fought on three islands, separated by miles from one anotherit is also sometimes difficult to get a sense of the entirety of the action. Count Hannibal Gonzaga and the Albanian captain George Crescia attacked the English on their own, without Del Vasto's orders. Sergeant Eugene Beauge of Company G, 45th Pennsylvania in his later years. Lee was almost lulled into a false sense of complacency. Farnese gave command of the mission to Alfonso Flix de valos Aquino y Gonzaga, Marquis del Vasto, under whom he put an escort of 2,500 infantry1,000 of them Spanishand 600 Italian and Albanian cavalry, according to the Jesuit historian Famiano Strada,[11] or just 600 infantry and 300 cavalry as claimed by the Spanish chronicler and soldier Alonso Vzquez, who was an eyewitness. The main body was making for Pennsylvania, while a large detachment under Stonewall Jackson was in the process of surrounding the sizable Union garrison at Harpers Ferry. [8], Leicester waited for the Spanish convoy near the small village of Warnsveld, half a mile from Zutphen. Copyright Maryland.gov. Indeed, despite the tens of thousands of Civil War-related titles to have hit the shelves since the cessation of hostilities, only two focus specifically on South Mountain: John Priests Before Antietam and Tim Reeses excellent study of the fighting at Cramptons Gap titled Sealed With Their Lives, both of which are out of print. [14] Persuaded by one of his confidants, Captain Rowland York, he prepared an ambush. The Battle of South Mountain was fought on September 14, 1862 in Maryland's South Mountain between Confederate and Union forces. From the Potomac River near Knoxville, Maryland in the south to Dillsburg, Pennsylvania in York County, Pennsylvania in the north, the 70-mile-long (110km) range separates the Hagerstown and Cumberland valleys from the Piedmont regions of the two states. However, on December 26 Anderson put his plan into action: he assembled his men, loaded them and their families onto boats, and rowed to Fort Sumter. It serves as a museum showcasing the fighting at Crampton's Gap during the Civil War Battle of South Mountain in 1862. 191, the Army of the Potomac was already halfway between Washington and Frederick. Reviewed in the United States on June 21, 2023. JH: The South Mountain battlefields are certainly worth a visit; I urge everyone with an interest in the Civil War to head on out to these fields. McClellan also ordered Burnside to have the Ninth Corps on the road at 8:00 a.m., in pursuit of D.H. Hills and Longstreets retreating columns. Stay up-to-date on the American Battlefield Trust's battlefield preservation efforts, travel tips, upcoming events, history content and more. Reviewed in the United States on October 28, 2021. It is no easy climb. Mountain in Maryland and Pennsylvania, United States, South Mountain (Maryland and Pennsylvania), Archives of Maryland, Vol 28, pages 10 & 11, "South Mountain"Maryland and Pennsylvania, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, "Lost and Found The Center Point Knob Plaque", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South_Mountain_(Maryland_and_Pennsylvania)&oldid=1163514007, South Mountain Range (MarylandPennsylvania), Landforms of Cumberland County, Pennsylvania, Landforms of Franklin County, Pennsylvania, Articles needing additional references from September 2011, All articles needing additional references, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0, Buzzard Peak/Chimney Rocks, 1,946 feet (593m), Big Pine Flat Ridge, 2,100 feet (640m), highest point on South Mountain in Pennsylvania, Center Point Knob, 1,075 feet (328m), midpoint of the Appalachian Trail in 1935, Harman Gap (Oeiler's Gap), 1,570 feet (480m), east of, This page was last edited on 5 July 2023, at 09:55. History is a guide to navigation in perilous times. Sorry, there was a problem loading this page. Later on, he sent Verdugo back to Friesland and left Johann Baptista von Taxis in charge of Zutphen. Desperate rear guard fighting resulted at the three passes over South Mountain: Cramptons Gap, Turners Gap and Foxs Gap. Give us a sense of what both sides were trying to accomplish at South Mountain on September 14, 1862. History is who we are and why we are the way we are.. At 1:30 p.m., the flag was replaced with a white sheet. [12], To preserve Zutphen's garrison, Farnese gathered enough food to feed 4,000 men for three months in the towns of Groenlo, Oldenzaal, Lingen and Mnster. Sign up to receive the latest information on the American Battlefield Trust's efforts to blaze The Liberty Trail in South Carolina. [30] According to John Lothrop Motley, "it is probable that the encounter would have been forgotten by posterity but by the melancholy close up upon that field to Sidney's bright career". Farnese's courier, however, was intercepted near Lochem and Leicester learned of the convoy. Call (301) 791-4767 before planning your visit. Please enable scripts and reload this page. [26] Leicester committed the same mistake, believing that the Frisons under Count William Louis of Nassau-Dillenburg were fighting against the Spanish inside Zutphen. I purchased this book after reading an absolutely glowing online review. From there, reinforced by Verdugo, the Spanish troops forced the English to retreat. [39] Zutphen and Deventer remained in Spanish control until their capture in 1591 by Maurice of Nassau. It was his subordinates, instead, who let him down. The same can be said when I travel to Burkittsville and travel along Mountain Church Road, where the main Confederate line defending Cramptons Gap was positioned. Following his stunning victory at . On the morning of September 15, the 12,000 beleaguered defenders of Harpers Ferry finally Read More There was an error retrieving your Wish Lists. With Confederate forces pushing north across a 1,000 mile front, both in the East, with Lees men threatening a drive across the Potomac, and in the west, with Braggs and Kirby Smiths men moving north through Tennessee and into Kentucky, and with Great Britain leaning very close to offering recognition of the Confederate States of America, George McClellan was called upon once again to help sort out the mess, and bring order to the chaos that defined the Federal forces in the East. William Franklin, in Pleasant Valley, did not so much as budge that morning. The South Mountain Battlefield features some of the most interesting topography of any Civil War battlefield. In September 1862, Robert E. Lee led the Army of Northern Virginia north of the Potomac River for the time as part of his Northern invasion, seeking a quick end to the war. The American Battlefield Trust is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization. Harpers Ferry fell, which allowed McLawss force to cross the Potomac and escape. The Battle of South Mountain was a convincing Union victory, but the Confederate defenders managed to delay the Union advance long enough for Lee to begin the consolidation of his scattered forces. He hoped while resting men at Frederick that the Union garrison at Harpers Ferry would flee and leave his lines of communication and transportation unhindered. Other acreage recently acquired includes a part of the field where Garnetts Virginians struggled against the Federals of John Hatchs Division. Anderson, in command at the difficult-to-defend Fort Moultrie on Sullivan Island across the harbor from Charleston, began asking the War Department for reinforcements and making plans to move his men to one of the fortifications on more secure islands in the harborCastle Pinckney closer to Charleston or the unfinished Fort Sumter near the harbors entrance. Battle of Fort Sumter: Facts, Dates, and Information - HistoryNet [29] For many years it was common among Spaniards and Netherlanders to call a hard-fought action "as warm as the fight of Zutphen". Facts. The rest of the men were taken by boat to the relief ships just outside the harbor. There is virtually no commercial or any other kind of development there, so in that sense at least little has changed. I have been to the site so I was able to put myself right beside my grandfather as we charged up the mountain. South of the Potomac River in Virginia, the ridge continues as Short Hill Mountain for about 12 miles (19km) before subsiding near the town of Hillsboro. The Battle of South Mountain: The History of the Civil War Battle that Eventually, Reno ordered a second retreat, this time to the bluffs east of the river. Shiloh, Antietam, Chancellorsville, Gettsyburg, the Wilderness . There was little time for setting up proper defenses and becoming familiar with the terrain. In September 1862, Robert E. Lee led the Army of Northern Virginia north of the Potomac River for the time as part of his Northern invasion, seeking a quick end to the war. Battle Detail - The Civil War (U.S. National Park Service) For the 1591 Anglo-Dutch victory, see, Lewes Lewkenor. Over 600,000 people were killed over the course of the war, about 500 people per day. We work hard to protect your security and privacy. Yes, I do think he moved much more aggressively during the first stages of the Maryland Campaign than is typically and traditionally described.