Was Maryland a border state in the Civil War? - TimesMojo Over time, the line was extended to the Ohio River to make up the entire southern border of Pennsylvania. Nearly half the black population was free before the war, and some had accumulated property. [130] The Ethiopian American population in Maryland and the rest of the D.C. area is largely Amharic-speaking, but there are significant numbers of speakers of Oromo and Tigrinya speakers as well. The international border states are those states in the U.S. that border either the Bahamas, Canada, Cuba, Mexico, or Russia. A large component of this is commercial fishing, centered in the Chesapeake Bay, but also including activity off the short Atlantic seacoast. [138][139], Hispanic immigrants of the later 20th century have settled in Aspen Hill, Hyattsville/Langley Park, Glenmont/Wheaton, Bladensburg, Riverdale Park, Gaithersburg, as well as Highlandtown and Greektown in East Baltimore. Wealthy Catholic planters built chapels on their land to practice their religion in relative secrecy. In 2008, the state led the entire country in the percentage of students passing Advanced Placement examinations. [159][160][161] Per capita personal income in 2006 was $43,500, fifth in the nation. The top reported ancestries by Maryland residents are: German (15%), Irish (11%), English (8%), American (7%), Italian (6%), and Polish (3%). Google Maps Believe it or not there are 62 points in the United States where three states meet each other in a tri-state point. There is a population of rare wild (feral) horses found on Assateague Island. The Puritan revolutionary government persecuted Maryland Catholics during its reign, known as the "plundering time". The government of Maryland, like the other 49 state governments, has exclusive authority over matters that lie entirely within the state's borders, except as limited by the Constitution of the United States. The remainder of the state, particularly Western Maryland and the Eastern Shore, is more supportive of Republicans. How were state shapes, boundaries determined? - USA TODAY [201] Three Maryland high schools (in Montgomery County) were ranked among the top 100 in the country by US News in 2009, based in large part on AP test scores.[202]. [65] Maryland's state flower, the black-eyed susan, grows in abundance in wild flower groups throughout the state. [55], Maryland has no natural lakes, mostly due to the lack of glacial history in the area. [186], Prior to the American Civil War, Maryland's elections were largely controlled by the Democrats, which account for 54.9% of all registered voters as of May 2017. The commuter rail service, known as MARC, operates three lines which all terminate at Washington Union Station and provide service to Baltimore's Penn and Camden stations, Perryville, Frederick, and Martinsburg, WV. [171], Tourism is popular in Maryland. The State Of Maryland Was Considered A Border State | Bartleby In 1644, William Claiborne, a Puritan, seized Kent Island while his associate, the pro-Parliament Puritan Richard Ingle, took over St. [79], Because of its location near the Atlantic Coast, Maryland is somewhat vulnerable to tropical cyclones, although the Delmarva Peninsula and the outer banks of North Carolina provide a large buffer, such that strikes from major hurricanes (category3 or above) occur infrequently. After Georgia congressman William D. Upshaw criticized Maryland openly in 1923 for not passing Prohibition laws, Baltimore Sun editor Hamilton Owens coined the "Free State" nickname for Maryland in that context, which was popularized by H. L. Mencken in a series of newspaper editorials. Other Hispanic groups with significant populations in the state include Mexicans, Guatemalans, Hondurans, Dominicans, Peruvians, and Puerto Ricans, along with growing populations of Brazilians, Colombians, Ecuadorians, and Bolivians. [184], Maryland's state sales tax is six percent. The Bureau of Economic Analysis estimates that Maryland's gross state product in 2016 was $382.4billion. Blacks comprised 20% of the electorate and immigrants comprised 15%, and the legislature had difficulty devising requirements against blacks that did not also disadvantage immigrants.[44]. Nearly 52% of the adult population are Protestants. 22 overall among U.S. states based on 71 metrics across eight categories. After Democratic Senator Paul Sarbanes announced that he was retiring, Democratic Congressman Benjamin Cardin defeated Republican Lieutenant Governor Michael S. Steele, with 55 percent of the vote, against Steele's 44 percent. [129] The Ethiopian community of Greater D.C. was historically based in Washington, D.C.'s Adams Morgan and Shaw neighborhoods, but as the community has grown, many Ethiopians have settled in Silver Spring. Maryland has been historically prominent to American Catholic tradition because the English colony of Maryland was intended by George Calvert as a haven for English Catholics. The Maryland Transit Administration (often abbreviated as "MTA Maryland"), a state agency part of the Maryland Department of Transportation also provides transit services within the state. Key Facts Covering an area of 12,407 mi, the state of Maryland is located in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. Officially, the new "Maryland Colony" was named in honor of Henrietta Maria of France, wife of Charles I of England. [26], Maryland was founded to provide a haven for England's Roman Catholic minority. key political and military roles in the war, non-Whites compose a majority of the population, United States Declaration of Independence, Constitutional Convention (United States), List of U.S. states by date of admission to the Union, Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union, Learn how and when to remove this template message, List of census-designated places in Maryland, Basilica of the National Shrine of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary, List of federal installations in Maryland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, List of National Historic Landmarks in Maryland, Baltimore-Washington International Thurgood Marshall Airport, Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport, List of colleges and universities in Maryland, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Prince George's County Memorial Library System, "Maryland's quality of life ranks high compared to other states", "Elevations and Distances in the United States", "Mid-Atlantic Home: MidAtlantic Information Office: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics", "Avalon ProjectMaryland Toleration Act; September 21, 1649", "State Median Household Income Patterns: 19902010", "Religious Freedom Byway Would Recognize Maryland's Historic Role", "Lord Baltimore's Map of Maryland in 1732", "Indentured Servants and the Pursuits of Happiness", "Civil War Guard on duty in Baltimore to save President Street Station", "Democratization and the Disfranchisement of African Americans in the US South during the Late 19th Century", "Bird's Eye View of Cumberland, Maryland 1906", "Eagle Archive: Here's a toast to Maryland's origins as 'The Free State', "History and Constitutionality of the Maryland Income Tax Law", "William Preston Lane Jr. Memorial Bay BridgeHistory", "Chesapeake Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve in Maryland Site Profile", "M3.4Maryland PotomacShenandoah Region", "Maryland General Assembly approves fracking ban", "Maryland at a Glance: State Symbols, Maryland State FlowerBlack-Eyed Susan", "Terrestrial Ecoregions of the World: A New Map of Life on Earth", 10.1641/0006-3568(2001)051[0933:TEOTWA]2.0.CO;2, "Zone Hardiness Map through Prairie Frontier", "Invasive Species of concern in Maryland", "Lions in our mountains? The appearance of the justices of the Supreme Court of Maryland is unique; Maryland is the only state whose justices wear red robes. Most of the business of government is conducted in Annapolis, the state capital however some cabinet departments and state officials have their offices in Baltimore. Concurrently the Interstate Highway System was built throughout the state, most notably I-95, I-695, and the Capital Beltway, altering travel patterns. Many of these are affiliated with various religious sects, including parochial schools of the Catholic Church, Quaker schools, Seventh-day Adventist schools, and Jewish schools. A January 2011 Gonzales Research & Marketing Strategies poll showed 51% support for marriage in the state. I-83 has 34 miles (55km) in Maryland and connects Baltimore to southern central Pennsylvania (Harrisburg and York, Pennsylvania). In 1790, the state ceded land for the establishment of the U.S. capital of Washington, D.C. Seal of Maryland during the war. Caribbean Americans have a significant presence in Maryland, especially Jamaican Americans, who make up 0.6% of the population and have had a significant presence and influence in Maryland's politics and culture; Maryland's current governor, Wes Moore, is the son of a Jamaican immigrant mother. while densely populated Central Maryland radiating outward from Baltimore and Washington, D.C. has more in common with that of the Northeast. The MTA will also administer the Purple Line, an under-construction light rail line that will connect the Maryland branches of the Red, Green/Yellow, and Orange lines of the Washington Metro, as well as offer transfers to all three lines of the MARC commuter rail system. Here, as the 6th Massachusetts Regiment answered Lincoln's call for troops and moved through Maryland on the way to Washington, D.C., a pro-Confederate mob gathered in Baltimore and opened fire as the troops approached. Maryland's economy benefits from the state's proximity to the federal government in Washington, D.C., with an emphasis on technical and administrative tasks for the defense/aerospace industry and bio-research laboratories, as well as staffing of satellite government headquarters in the suburban or exurban Baltimore/Washington area. Wedge (border) - Wikipedia Charles County and Prince George's County are the two counties where African Americans are the most successful monetarily in the country, with average household incomes much higher than in the rest of the country. The first Nepali American elected to a state legislature, Harry Bhandari, was elected in Maryland, representing part of Baltimore County. The eastern half of Maryland which includes the cities of Ocean City, Salisbury, Annapolis, and the southern and eastern suburbs of Washington, D.C., and Baltimore lies on the Atlantic Coastal Plain, with flat topography and sandy or muddy soil. [22] [203] The flagship university and largest undergraduate institution in Maryland is the University of Maryland, College Park which was founded as the Maryland Agricultural College in 1856 and became a public land grant college in 1864. . [77] In April 2007, Maryland joined the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI) a regional initiative, formed by all the Northeastern states, Washington, D.C., and three Canadian provinces, to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Maryland ZIP Codes List, Map, and Demographics - United States Zip Codes Blacks and immigrants, however, resisted Democratic Party disfranchisement efforts in the state. Geography has provided Maryland a role in U.S. history as a pivot between the North and the South. Among the immigrants of the 19th and 20th centuries from eastern and southern Europe were many Catholics. The two westernmost counties of Maryland, Allegany and Garrett, are mountainous and sparsely populated, resembling West Virginia and Appalachia more than they do the rest of the state. [97] The U.S. Census Bureau designates Maryland as one of the South Atlantic States, but it is commonly associated with the Mid-Atlantic States and Northeastern United States by other federal agencies, the media, and some residents. All remained in the Union after the outbreak of the Civil . The western portion of the state contains numerous stretches of the Appalachian Mountains, while the central portion is primarily composed of the Piedmont. (Click on the map to enlarge) Maryland, one of the 50 US states, is located in the Mid-Atlantic region in the northeast of the United States. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Yugoslavia, and Czechoslovakia, many immigrants from Eastern Europe came to the United States12 percent of whom currently reside in Maryland. I-97, fully contained within Anne Arundel County and the shortest (17.6 miles (28.3km)) one- or two-digit interstate highway in the contiguous US, connects the Baltimore area to the Annapolis area. History of Maryland - Wikipedia Buildings in the state are not well-designed for earthquakes and can suffer damage easily. [150] Judaism is the largest non-Christian religion in Maryland, with 241,000 adherents, or four percent of the total population. Maryland is home to defense contractor Emergent BioSolutions, which manufactures and provides an anthrax vaccine to U.S. government military personnel. Pennsylvania's border with Maryland at Hancock is the Mason-Dixon line. The WMATA's Metrorail rapid transit and Metrobus local bus systems (the 2nd and 6th busiest in the nation of their respective modes) provide service in Montgomery and Prince George's counties and connect them to Washington, D.C., with the express Metrobus Route B30 serving BWI Airport. Border states (American Civil War) - Wikipedia Maryland (US: /mrlnd/ (listen) MERR-il-nd)[b] is a state in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. Ocean City on the Atlantic Coast has been a popular beach destination in summer, particularly since the Chesapeake Bay Bridge was built in 1952 connecting the Eastern Shore to the more populated Maryland cities. The MTA also serves the city and its suburbs with its local bus service (the 9th largest system in the nation). During the American Civil War (1861-1865), Maryland, a slave state, was one of the border states, straddling the South and North. The land was provided along the north shore of the Potomac River from Montgomery and Prince George's counties, as well as from Fairfax County and Alexandria on the south shore of the Potomac in Virginia; however, the land donated by the Commonwealth of Virginia was later returned to that state by the District of Columbia retrocession in 1846. The intermediate appellate court is known as the Appellate Court of Maryland and the state supreme court is the Supreme Court of Maryland. Nearly every part of Maryland receives 3.54.5 inches (89114mm) per month of rain. Maryland's border with Delaware was based on a Transpeninsular Line and the Twelve-Mile Circle around New Castle.[32]. Maryland's governor is unique in the United States as the office is vested with significant authority in budgeting. Much of the BaltimoreWashington corridor lies just south of the Piedmont in the Coastal Plain,[52] though it straddles the border between the two regions. [175] The independent Maryland Transportation Authority maintains and operates the state's eight toll facilities. Although a tactical draw, the battle was considered a strategic Union victory and a turning point of the war. These included Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, Kentucky and Missouri. Maryland Pictures and Facts - National Geographic Kids Before its coastline was explored by Europeans in the 16th century, Maryland was inhabited by several groups of Native Americans mostly by Algonquian peoples and, to a lesser degree, Iroquoian and Siouan. After Baltimore died in April 1632, the charter was granted to his son, Cecilius Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore (16051675), on June 20, 1632. Existing facilities, including Fort McHenry, were greatly expanded. Some resulted in the break-up of intact residential neighborhoods, producing social volatility, and some older residential areas around the harbor have had units renovated and have become popular with new populations. [145], In 2006, 645,744 were counted as foreign born, which represents mainly people from Latin America and Asia. It is named after Henrietta Maria, the French-born queen of England, Scotland, and Ireland, who was known then in England as Mary.[11][12]. On the lower Eastern Shore, family farms were bought up by major concerns and large-scale poultry farms and vegetable farming became prevalent. In a series of laws passed between 1892 and 1908, reformers worked for standard state-issued ballots (rather than those distributed and marked by the parties); obtained closed voting booths to prevent party workers from "assisting" voters; initiated primary elections to keep party bosses from selecting candidates; and had candidates listed without party symbols, which discouraged the illiterate from participating. The dispute remained unresolved for nearly a century, carried on by the descendants of William Penn and Lord Baltimorethe Calvert family, which controlled Maryland, and the Penn family, which controlled Pennsylvania. Other private institutions include Mount St. Mary's University, McDaniel College (formerly known as Western Maryland College), Hood College, Stevenson University (formerly known as Villa Julie College), Loyola University Maryland, and Goucher College, among others. Maryland Rankings | US News Best States The Great Baltimore Fire of 1904 burned for more than 30 hours, destroying 1,526 buildings and spanning 70 city blocks. [198] The highest educational official in the state is the State Superintendent of Schools, who is appointed by the State Board of Education to a four-year term of office. The Baltimore Colts represented the NFL in Baltimore from 1953 to 1983 before moving to Indianapolis. [95], Maryland's history as a border state has led it to exhibit characteristics of both the Northern and the Southern regions of the United States. Historians debate the constitutionality of these wartime actions, though the suspension of civil liberties during wartime was later sustained by the U.S. Supreme Court in cases such as Schenck v. United States[41]. It ranges from sandy dunes dotted with seagrass in the east, to low marshlands teeming with wildlife and large bald cypress near the Chesapeake Bay, to gently rolling hills of oak forests in the Piedmont Region, and pine groves in the Maryland mountains to the west. [154] However, Maryland has been using Genuine Progress Indicator, an indicator of well-being, to guide the state's development, rather than relying only on growth indicators like GDP. Maryland Maps & Facts - World Atlas While Republicans typically win more counties in statewide elections by piling up large margins in the west and east, they are usually overcome by the densely populated and solidly Democratic BaltimoreWashington axis. [59], Maryland has a wide array of climates, due to local variances in elevation, proximity to water, and protection from colder weather due to downslope winds. "Protestants swept the Catholics out of the legislature and religious strife returned. Alphabetically Poverty Rate Drops; Ranks of Uninsured Grow, "Tonnage for Selected U.S. Literacy was high among blacks and, as Democrats crafted means to exclude them, suffrage campaigns helped reach blacks and teach them how to resist. Baltimore, MD. Due to its location and a desire from both opposing factions to sway its population to their respective causes, Maryland played an important role in the Civil War. [23] Lord Baltimore initially proposed the name "Crescentia", the land of growth or increase, but "the King proposed Terra Mariae [Mary Land], which was concluded on and Inserted in the bill. Despite its historic relevance to the Catholic Church in the United States, the percentage of Catholics in the state of Maryland is below the national average of 20%. Education Week ranked Maryland #1 in its nationwide 20092013 Quality Counts reports. The Mason-Dixon Line is a boundary line that was drawn to solve a border dispute between the erstwhile British colonies in Colonial America. This state of affairs lasted until after the American Revolutionary War (17751783). The Wedge (or Delaware Wedge) is a 1.068-square-mile (684-acre; 2.77 km 2) [1] tract of land along the borders of Delaware, Maryland and Pennsylvania. In 2012, The Baltimore Sun published a list of Maryland's top ten athletes in the state's history. "George Calvert and Cecilius Calvert, Barons Baltimore" William Hand Browne, Nabu Press (August 1, 2010). Maryland was an active participant in the events leading up to the American Revolution, and by 1776, its delegates signed the Declaration of Independence. The Congressional Country Club has hosted three golf tournaments for the U.S. Open and a PGA Championship. The two years from 1644 to 1646 when Claiborne and his Puritan associates held sway were known as "The Plundering Time". [d] Following Protestantism, Catholicism is the second largest religious affiliation, comprising 15% percent of the population. Many residents of the Washington metropolitan area receive The Washington Post. The earliest challenge to the border states' neutrality took place in Maryland on April 19, 1861. The National Hockey League's Washington Capitals and the National Basketball Association's Washington Wizards formerly played in Maryland, until the construction of an arena in Washington, D.C. in 1997 (now known as Capital One Arena). [29] A dispute with traders from Virginia over Kent Island in the Chesapeake led to armed conflict. Strategically placed directly between North and South, close to the Confederate and Union capitals (Richmond, Va, and Washington, D.C.), Maryland's geographic location set the state apart. The government of Maryland is conducted according to the state constitution. Blacks defeated three efforts to disenfranchise them, making alliances with immigrants to resist various Democratic campaigns. [19] Maryland is one of the most multicultural states in the country; it is one of the six states where non-Whites compose a majority of the population, with the fifth-highest percentage of African Americans, and high numbers of residents born in Africa, Asia, Central America, and the Caribbean. A new state constitution in 1864 abolished slavery and Maryland was first recognized as a "Free State" in that context. As is typical of states on the East Coast, Maryland's plant life is abundant and healthy. Close to the small town of Hancock, in western Maryland, about two-thirds of the way across the state, less than 2 miles (3.2km) separates its borders,[51] the MasonDixon line to the north, and the northwards-arching Potomac River to the south. Mon 12 06 2023 About Maryland Where in the United States is Maryland?