Bhandarkar (1910, page 43), the Assistant Superintendent of the Archaeological Survey of India, Western Circle, made the following comment about the building over the inscription rock: the antiquarian world can never be too thankful to the Darbar for having erected a substantial structure over it to reserve it from further injuries. "Junagadh Rock Inscription of Rudradaman", "Junagadh Princely State (13 gun salute)", "After Nepal, Pakistan unveils new political map; Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh claimed, India retorts", "In landmark move, PM Imran unveils 'new political map' of Pakistan", "Junagadh (Princely State) (13 gun salute)", "Junagadh weather maximum temperature in 2012 was 47 degrees Celsius and minimum recorded was 1 degree", "Brief Profile of PTG Communities in Gujarat", Statistical Report on General Election, 2007, to the Legislative Assembly of Gujarat, "Municipal Corporation Elections: July 2009", "Junagadh City District Independence day November 9, 1947(Junagadh Aazad Din-Divas)", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Junagadh&oldid=1164211691, 17301758 Mohammad Bahadur Khanji or Mohammad Sher khan Babi. The Junagadh rock inscription of Rudradaman, also known as the Girnar Rock inscription of Rudradaman, is a Sanskrit prose inscribed on a rock by the Western Satraps ruler Rudradaman I. The newly acquired area has its own groundwater supply system of bore wells. Rulers of other neighbouring states reacted angrily, sent troops to the Junagadh frontier, and appealed to the government of India for assistance. On 25 September 1947, the Aarzi Hukumat headed by Samaldas Gandhi was declared in a public meeting at Madhavbagh in Bombay. The Moghal conquest of Gujarat, the collapse of the power of the Gujarat Sultans, the encroachments of the Jam, and the assumption of independence by the Ghori all augmented the confusion afterwards increased by the escape of Sultan Muzaffar in 1583 and subsequent partisan warfare. There are also the Khapra Kodia Caves north of the fort, and the Bava Pyara Caves south of the fort. . Meanwhile, tensions were simmering in the regional areas and in major cities such as Bombay against Nawab's decision. [21], Upon Menon's advice[22] Mahatma Gandhi's nephew, Samaldas Gandhi, created a provisional government in Bombay with the provincial government's backing. In 1350, Junagadh was conquered by Muhammad bin Tughluq with the help and forces of Koli chieftain Jesaji (Jesing) from Ra Khengar. [3] According to the Bhitari pillar inscription, he restored "the fallen fortunes of his family". In Pataliputra he pushed sungas back. [2], Junagadh has relatively low to medium housing and land costs in comparison to cities like Rajkot. Archaeological Survey of India 2000, 2003). The Junagadh Buddhist Cave Groups, with their intricately carved gateways, Chaitya halls, sculptured pillars, and sanctums are classic examples of rock-cut architecture. He was faujdar from about 1666 to 1686, but in 1670 he went for a short time to Idar and was replaced by Syad Dilerkhan. (A) Rudradaman (B) Bimbisara (C) Chandragupta II (D) Gautamiputra Satakarni . Junagadh's soil is similar to that of the rest of Junagadh district. [11] However, Muslim League politicians from Sindh had joined Junagadh's executive council since May, and the state's diwan was away for health reasons, leaving the charge with Shah Nawaz Bhutto. In Bantwa and Babariawad the number of voters who cast their votes in India's favour was less than the number of non-Muslim voters there, which meant that even some non-Muslims did not vote for India. http://www.katinkahesselink.net/tibet/asoka1.html#3rd_Major ( can be read here) There are 14 major Ashokan inscriptions in Girnar and with minor differences are similar to those found in other places in India. 344-353. Ashokas inscriptions, known as edicts, are the chief and most authentic source of information we have on the Mauryan Emperor. A.S. Altekar (1957). Junagadh has more than 1000 hand pumps and 200 stand posts situated throughout the city drawing from groundwater sources. He repelled an Indo-Hephthalites (Hunas in India) invasion, most likely the Kidarites. A five-member committee called Junagadh Committee was formed on 15 September 1947. . In the Junagadh inscription of Rudradaman, dated 150 A.D., we have a clear evidence of the development of the ornate style of Sanskrit prose. . Mountbatten took the position that only states that shared a common border with Pakistan should choose to accede to it, but he had no power to impose this point of view on the states. He erected a pillar of victory surmounted by the statue of God Vishnu. Junagadh Rock Inscription - Art and Culture Notes - Prepp Notes on The Satavahana Dynasty - Unacademy In the 2009 municipal elections the INC won 26 seats, BJP 21 seats, BSP 3 seats and 1 went to an independent. Skandagupta' s Junagarh inscription provides information on: [a] Bhutto met Jinnah in July, who advised him to hold out till 15 August under any circumstances. The Girnar inscription of Rudradaman I is an interesting one as it gives us a glimpse into water management in ancient India. [52], The Shivaratri Mela is organized at the foot of Mount Girnar (Talati) in the month of Maha (9th day of the month of Maagha). "Junagadh Rock Inscription of Rudradaman", " ", The Bhitari Pillar Inscription of Skandagupta, The Bihar Stone Pillar Inscription of Skandagupta, The Junagadh Rock Inscription of Skandagupta, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Skandagupta&oldid=1150067744. With the region in crisis, the Nawab, fearing for his life, felt forced to flee to Karachi with his family and his followers, and there he established a provisional government. In later periods, the region came under the reign of the Western Kshatrapas (35 CE - 405 CE) and Guptas, (3rd to 6th CE) which is evident from the Girnar inscriptions. [4] For example, Skandagupta's Bhitari pillar inscription lists the chief queens (mahadevis) of his ancestors Chandragupta I, Samudragupta, and Chandragupta II, but does not mention the chief queen of his father Kumaragupta. The inscription is a chronicle about the re-building of a dam named Urjayat around the lake Sudarshana. Complete answer: From the era of Chandragupt maurya to the time when inscription was written, the first eight lines of historical record of water management and irrigation conduits at Sudarshan Lake. To the east are the Uparkot, an old Hindu citadel; Buddhist caves dating from the 3rd century bce; and the edicts (carved on stone) of the Mauryan . The zoo provides purebred Asiatic lions for the Indian and international critically endangered species captive breeding programs. The Sanskrit Junagadh inscription of 150 CE credits him with supporting the cultural arts and Sanskrit literature and repairing the dam built by Mauryas. The rock has the inscription of King Ashoka, which tells the people, the rule and regulations of how to live the life. This theory is based on the fact that Skandagputa's inscriptions mention the name of his father, but not of his mother. [13] [44], Douglas Brown of the Daily Telegraph as well as Pakistani newspaper Dawn expressed concerns about the propriety of the plebiscite's arrangement. More about Skandagupta. It is called Chakrabhrit, meaning bearer of the chakra. [15], After the accession of Sultan Muzafar, and indeed during the latter part of Sultan Mahmud's reign, the seat of government was removed from Junagadh to Diu owing to the importance of that island as a naval station and to check the ravages of the Portuguese. Meanwhile, the state of Junagadh had raised a force of 670 Muslim men, who had been stationed at various places to ensure retaliation, if any. . [51], The people of Junagadh celebrate both Western and Indian festivals. [37], Your telegram informing that your Government had taken charge of Junagadh was received by me on November 10, 1947. The banks were renovated within two months by Chakrapalita in 456-457 CE. Rainfall averages 800 to 1,200 millimetres (31 to 47in) annually. Junagadh - Wikipedia Soon after Indian soldiers began arriving in Kashmir . It has a unique place in the history of world epigraphy. Daksipatha, twice but did not destroy him on account of his being not distantly related. The Girnar Hills have been a sacred site since ancient times. Junagadh rock inscription of Rudradaman - Wikipedia [19] Nehru strategised that if Junagadh didn't recognize the accession of Mangrol and Babariawad and withdraw its forces from the latter, then he would send in forces, information of which he sent to Pakistan and Britain. [5], During Skandagupta's period, the Indo-Hephthalites (known as the White Huns or Hunas) invaded India from the northwest, advancing as far as the Indus River. [citation needed] The fort remained in use until the 6th century, when it was abandoned for about 300 years, then rediscovered by the Chudasama ruler Graharipu in 976 CE. The inscription is dated to shortly after 150 CE. A sacred site for Buddhists, Hindus and Jains, it is visited by pilgrims who converge here for the numerous temples that dot its slopes and peaks. Swaminarayan appointed Gunatitanand Swami as the first mahant (religious and administrative head of a temple), who served in this role and preached there for over 40 years.[19][20]. [8] Another inscription dates from about 450 CE and refers to Skandagupta, the last Gupta emperor. The Girnar Rock-Book Inscription - Manish Jaishree [17] The Nawab and Pakistan reasoned that Junagadh was close enough to Pakistan and linked by a sea route (Veraval to Karachi). But India went ahead with the referendum because it believed the result would be in its favour. On the same rock were also engraved two subsequent inscriptions, each by a significant king of India. There are Tibetan migrants who practice Buddhism. The Maqbaras and numerous age-old palaces in Junagadh tell the story of its rich historical and architectural past. The total number of voters on electoral rolls was 200, 569 and less than 10,000 Muslims voted for India. Importance of Epigraphy Archaeological Survey of India A c. 460-461 inscription refers to the "tranquil reign of Skandagupta, the lord of hundred kings. Ashoka Edict Rock, Junagadh. Skandagupta issued five types of gold coins: Archer type, King and queen type, Chhatra type, Lion-slayer type and Horseman type. According to another theory, the conflict referred to in the Bhitari inscription resulted from a disputed succession to the throne. Patil Amruta Mar 31, 2023 Rudradaman I (130-150AD), a Saka monarch from the Western Kshatrapas dynasty, was a Saka ruler from the Western Kshatrapas dynasty. The Ashoka Edict Rock, a Notified Archaeological Site, is a rounded boulder, on the north-east face of which is engraved the 14 Ashokan Edicts, and is situated at the entrance to the valley providing access to Mount Girnar, 700 m east of Uparkot, near the edge of what was once the Sudarshan Lake. THE 15 BEST Things to Do in Junagadh - Tripadvisor . [3] Home minister Vallabhbhai Patel believed that if Junagadh was permitted to go to Pakistan, it would exacerbate the communal tension already simmering in Gujarat. "Treasures of the Gupta Empire", Shivlee Trust, pp. When Pakistan accepted the Nawab's Instrument of Accession on 16 September, the Government of India was outraged that Jinnah could accept the accession of Junagadh despite his argument that Hindus and Muslims could not live as one nation. Satakarni II built the southern arch of the Sanchi stupa. The UN Security Council commanded its commission on Kashmir to examine the conflict over Junagadh. ); other service providers include Reliance and Tata. On this occasion he left his son Inayat Ullah as faujdar at Junagadh while he himself conducted the government of Gujarat from its capital, Ahmedabad. The regnal dates of Narendrasena are not certain, but he is generally thought to be a contemporary of Skandagupta. Prinsep (17991840 AD) was the first European scholar to decipher the edicts in the Brahmi script, on pillars and rocks, of the ancient Indian Emperor Ashoka. [5] The fort was subsequently besieged 16 times over a 1000-year period. It is located near Girnar hill near Junagadh, Gujarat, India. The people were distraught and the dam and its reservoir was so badly damaged that Rudradamans ministers thought it was beyond repair. Menon claimed that the Nawab had delegated the state's destiny to Bhutto, which is not implausible since it was primarily Shah Nawaz Bhutto who had taken the decision to accede to Pakistan, under the close influence and mentorship of Jinnah. The first thanadar was Tatar Khan, an adopted son of the Sultan and after him Mirza Khalil, the eldest son of the Sultan who afterwards succeeded him under the title of Sultan Muzaffar. Called the Girnar Rock Inscriptions or the Junagadh Rock Inscriptions (after the town of Junagadh nearby), it is one of the most important sources of ancient Indian history. By road, it is situated on the National Highway 8B, which connects Ahmadabad to Junagadh via Rajkot. The Junagadh rock inscription of Rudradaman, also known as the Girnar Rock inscription of Rudradaman, is a Sanskrit prose inscribed on a rock by the Western Satraps ruler Rudradaman I. . The founder of the dynasty, General Bhatarka, military governor of Saurashtra peninsula under the Gupta empire, established himself as the independent ruler of Gujarat around the last quarter of the 5th century.[9]. The correct answer is Saurashtra. 2.Satakarni I He is the third king of this empire. arrows . Vazir Khan attempted it but was unequal to the task. [2] The effective literacy rate was 88%; male literacy was 92.46% and female literacy was 83.38%. [citation needed], To force the Nawab of Junagadh to change his decision, the Provisional Government (Aarzee Hukumat) and the volunteer forces in the surrounding regions of Kathiawar implemented a blockade. On 1 November 1956, Saurashtra State was merged with Bombay State. just as if it were the roaring of (the river) Ganga, making itself noticed in (their) ears. [35], The religions represented in Junagadh includes Hindus, Muslims, Jains, Christians, and Buddhists. Raizada Khengar also warmly espoused Mnzafar's side. His Bhitari pillar inscription suggests that he restored the Gupta power by defeating his enemies, who may have been rebels or foreign invaders. Skandagupta would have restored Gupta control over the region soon after. Currently, it is the only zoo in the country to house African cheetahs. The East India Company took control of the state by 1818, but the Saurashtra area was never directly administered by the British,[citation needed] who instead divided the territory into more than one hundred princely states, which remained in existence until 1947. Mandalika I was the first Chudasama ruler known from inscriptions; and during his reign, Gujarat was invaded by the Khalji dynasty of Delhi. Girnar Rock Edict, Junagadh - Rana Safvi 15 Sep 1947 Accession to Pakistan accepted. Aarzi Hakumat captured 160 villages in forty days, from 30 September to 8 November 1947. [29], India allowed the provisional government to take control over outlying areas of Junagadh. It was inscribed by western Kshatrapa king Rudradaman I.Which of the above statements is/are correct?a)1 Onlyb)2 Onlyc)Both 1 and 2d)Neither 1 nor 2Correct answer is . The reservoir too was destroyed. It describes the personality of Rudradaman I at length. The inscription was written about the year 150 CE. Skandagupta was a son of the Gupta emperor Kumaragupta I. In 1551, Noghan was succeeded by his son Shrisingh, who lived till 1586. These nobles subinfeudated these lands to inferior landowners, who later became . There is a statement in the Junagadh inscription of Rudradman,1 the celebrated aka king, to the effect that he defeated Stakari, ruler of . It was originally built in 319 BCE during the Mauryan dynasty by Chandragupta. Great confusion existed now in Sorath. Junagarh Inscription - UPSC Super Simplified Ashoka condemned and prohibited animal sacrifice. If this identification is correct, it is possible that as a prince, Skandagupta was sent to check the Huna invasion at the frontier, and Kumaragupta died in the capital while this conflict was happening; Skandagupta returned to the capital and overcame rebels or rival claimants to ascend the throne. He also generously bestowed people with gifts. The Gupta empire held sway over much of the northern part of the subcontinent in the fourth and fifth centuries CE. For its namesake district, see, From top: Gate of the city of Junagadh, Statue of, |Meaning, that is not very short. . Baba Pyara caves Khapra Kodiya Caves Junagarh Junagadh is quite an old town. [15], The first faujdar of Junagad was Naurang Khan and, next, Syad Kasim. [1] Rudradman I was instrumental in the decline of the Stavhana Empire. Based on this, A. L. Basham theorized that his mother was from a low-caste Shudra background. It was copied and sent to James Prinsep only in 1837 by Rev. But the structure is a little too ornamental and too much in modern style to be in keeping with the object of hoary antiquity which it preserves. [19], Mountbatten and Ayyangar both agreed that the issue of geographical contiguity had no legal standing and that Junagadh's accession to Pakistan was strictly and legally correct. PDF The Stvhana Rival of Rudradman - Jstor He repulsed an invasion by the Indo-Hephthalites (known as Hunas in India), probably the Kidarites. The inscription was written in 150 CE.Inscriptions of Ashoka (one of fourteen Major Rock Edicts of Ashoka), Rudradaman I, and Skandagupta can be seen on the . [18], An inscription of the Vakataka king Narendrasena claims that his commands were obeyed by the rulers of Kosala, Mekala and Malava. Girnar Edict and Inscription Rock 197 He conquered Madhya Pradesh and ruled there. The inscription states that when he prepared to do so, he spent a night on the bare earth, and then defeated his enemies, who had grown wealthy and powerful. The inscription mentions the extent of Rudradamans territory, which included Malwa, Gujarat, parts of Sindh and Western Maharashtra. His Bhitari pillar inscription suggests that he restored the Gupta power by defeating his enemies, who may have been rebels or foreign invaders. [15], A sentence in the Sanskrit text Chandra-Vyakarana (c.7th century) states Ajayad-Gupto Hunan, literally, "The Gupta conquered the Hunas". He also ensured that medicinal herbs and fruits, required by both people and animals were planted in areas which lacked these essentials. At Junagadh, Gujarat, a rock bearing a set of Asokan Major Rock edicts and another of the Gupta monarch Skandagupta is inscribed with this inscription on the western side, close to the top. It is located near Girnar hill near Junagadh, Gujarat, India. For this latter building Colonel Sealy, the Alienation Settlement Officer, Junagadh State, laid the foundation stone (Anonymous 1900). On 26 October, the nawab and his family fled to Pakistan following clashes between Junagadhi and Indian troops. Junagadh was a princely state of the British Raj, located in what is now the Indian state of Gujarat. Amazingly, he got the reservoir reconstructed very quickly and without burdening the people with taxes and forced labour. . It is unclear whether the verse refers to routine appointments made by the king or his actions following a political upheaval caused by a war of succession or invasion. In ancient times, one of the important functions of the government was construction and maintenance of canals, reservoirs and tanks. . The city is rapidly expanding, and available land inside the city limits is now limited. The Girnar inscription of Rudradaman I records the repairs of this reservoir Gujarat. After the disgrace and death of Malik Eiaz, Tatarkhan Ghori became independent at Junagadh; and after the death of Sultan Bahadur, the Ghori family reigned independently at Junagadh, though still owing a nominal allegiance to the successive Sultans at Ahmadabad. Junagadh Inscription of Rudradaman - Junagadh Inscription of - Studocu [11][12], The Uparkot Fort of Junagadh was occupied by the Chudasamas during the reign of Graharipu. These inscriptions presuppose a flourishing centre of learning and culture at Girinagara. Another noteworthy mention in the inscription are the ancient names of Junagadh and Girnar. In his time Jam Raval conquered Halar and built Navanagar. Your email address will not be published. At a later date, also during Skandaguptas reign, Chakrapalita constructed a temple dedicated to Lord Vishnu on Urjayat (Girnar) Hill. Haryana Exam is an Online Learning Platforms, GK Quiz, Questions Solutions, History, Geography, Physics and Other Subjects Question and Solution, Current Affairs PDF, Funny Hindi Jokes Latest Jokes Collection, Funny Hindi Jokes Majedar Hindi Jokes Collection, Funny Hindi Chutkale, Majedar Hindi Jokes. PDF UPSC NOTES - Byju's In 1525, Khengar was succeeded by his son Noghan. Under the Gujarat Sultanate, Junagadh was governed by an official, styled thanadar (commander), appointed directly by Ahmedabad. Road and Kalwa Chowk; Gandhigram; Zanzarda Road; Talaw Darwaza; the bus stand; Sakkar Baug; Timbawadi; Joshipara; and Girnar Taleti. It is possible that he was a minor at the time of Kumaragupta I's death, because of which Skandagupta ascended the throne. The inscription is dated to shortly after 150 CE. [47] Under the new government policy of encouraging biotechnology, Junagadh has been identified as an agriculture biotechnology zone. . [45] In the plebiscite India polled 222,184 votes and Pakistan 130 out of a total population of 720,000 of Junagadh and its feudatories. . In 1943, The latter states were tied to Junagadh through an attachment scheme, but when the act was adopted in 1947, the amendments had not carried over, and this lapse was the base on which VP Menon argued that Junagadh did not have a say in the affairs of Mangrol and Babariawad states. This file has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. We would be glad to discuss this question and allied matters affecting Junagadh with representatives of your Government at the earliest possible moment convenient to you. Between 475 CE and 767 CE, the region was ruled by the Maitraka dynasty, followed by the Chudasama dynasty, which ruled from the 9th to the 15th centuries CE, and then the Mughal Empire in the 16th century CE. Translated, Junagadh means "Old Fort" (Jhuna Gadh). The inscription tells us that Rudradaman . The Junagarh rock inscription of Rudradaman says that a dam on the [citation needed], Junagadh boasts of some of the best tourist destinations in the state, so tourism is considered to be a progressing sector. It is located near Girnar hill near Junagadh, Gujarat, India. He extended his kingdom through military conquest. However, according to historian R. C. Majumdar, it is more likely that the description aims to highlight the degraded position of his mother just like that of the legendary Devaki, before Skandagupta restored her to a position of prestige and power, just like Krishna did for Devaki. Chapter preview (first three pages only): Girnar Edict and Inscription Rock A plain structure similar to that raised over a rock inscription of the Chohan family at Bijolia in the Udaipur State by the local chief would have suited the purpose here much better, not to speak of the expenditure which also it would have saved. Daulat Khan Ghori died of his wounds during the siege, and henceforth Junagadh became the seat of the imperial faujdars (garrison commanders) of Sorath in subordination to the imperial viceroy at Ahmedabad. 10 Questions 10 Marks 7 Mins Start Now Detailed Solution Download Solution PDF Junagadh inscription is written in the Sanskrit language. Gandhi met V. P. Menon and proposed to form a government-in-exile the Aarzi Hakumat or Provisional Government of Junagadh State. Junagadh junction is located on the Ahmadabad - Veraval line, making it easily accessible from across a variety of cities across the region and country. . An example is the Bhitari seal of the 6th century king Kumaragupta III. [17], The Junagadh rock, which contains inscription of the earlier emperors, Ashoka and Rudradaman, has an inscription engraved on the orders of Skandagupta's governor Parnadatta. The most eloquent testimony to his reign is the Junagadh inscription dated around the Saka year 72 i.e. Notes on Skandgupta - Unacademy These edicts were erected in public places, on trade routes, and places of religious importance, to maximise the number of people who read them. Your action in taking over State Administration and sending Indian troops to state without any authority from Pakistan Government and indeed without our knowledge, is a clear violation of Pakistan territory and breach of International law. [42], The city generates approximately 150 tonnes (150 long tons; 170 short tons) of solid waste daily, which is within the recommended limit, of 400 grams (14oz) per capita, per day, for domestic waste. Copyright 2023 Girinagar: Junagadh and Mount Girnar - One of the Most Ancient and Sacred Sites of India. Rudradaman I was a key figure in the Satavahana Empire's demise. Interestingly, this edict is also the earliest reference to the Chola dynasty. With an investment of INR 4,000 crore (US$975.6million), JSW Power Co. had proposed to set up a coal-based power plant at Simar Village, in Junagadh, but due to difficulties in establishing a port there, it has been shifted to the port of Dahej. They continued to rule there. It is three hundred and twenty seven km from Ahmedabad and is about fifty-eight km from Sasan Gir. On This Day In 1948, The State Of Junagadh Voted To Join India And Not It may help the candidate who is preparing for the STAFF SELECTION COMMISSION COMBINED GRADUATE LEVEL exam. Old rock-cut Buddhist caves in this area, dating from well before 500 CE, have stone carvings and floral work. . Groundwater supply is widely available in the city, with wells throughout. In January 2004, Junagadh city increased its area from 13.47 square kilometres (5.20sqmi) to 57 square kilometres (22sqmi) by annexing eight grampanchayats and one municipality. [4] An early structure, Uparkot Fort, is located on a plateau in the middle of town. This Question Belongs to History >> Mauryan Empire. The Ashokan inscription at Girnar, the earliest epigraphic record discovered yet in Gujarat, was first noticed by James Tod in 1822 (see Tod 1839), but it was not till a few years later that Tod (182932, volume 1, page 54) referred to the undeciphered edict rock at Junagadh, when he remarked: Let us master the characters on therocks of Junagarh. Junagadh city is located at 2131N 7028E / 21.52N 70.47E / 21.52; 70.47 at the foot of Mount Girnar, with the Arabian sea to the southwest, Porbandar to the north, and Amreli to the east. Similarly, Rich (2008, page 16) said that it is: one of the most extraordinary written records in India, and indeed in all of history. Jamindar (1983) was another who stressed the significance of this edict rock: This rock, known as Asokan rock, can rightly be called the treasure house of Indian Epigraphy.
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