Lion's mane is an edible mushroom that may play a role in anxiety, depression, and cognition, but human data is sparse. Both medicinal mushrooms had no significant cancer effect, showing no partial response in terms of PSA, and no correlation between PSA doubling time and serum testosterone levels. Ganoderic acid D inhibited the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and senescence-associated markers, such as -galactosidase, p21, and p16INK4a, and enhanced telomerase activity through the activation of the PERK/NRF2 signaling pathway. Besides, a reduction in tumors was also found compared to normal saline treatment. In both phases, no side effects were observed. Many other biologically active compounds have, however, been extracted from maitake and investigated for their effects. They offer savory flavor that reduces the need for added salt to keep your blood pressure low. Their use for promoting and maintaining a good state of health and the treatment of diseases has been around since ancient times in Asian regions, while in the West, this approach is considerably more recent. and P. nebrodensis (Inzenga) Qul. Furthermore, administration of the fungal extract resulted in a clear reduction in chemotherapy-related side effects, such as loss of appetite, alopecia, emotional instability, and general weakness, as well as a marked improvement in mood-related parameters (anxiety, depression, mental stability). Therefore, this fungal species can provide important beneficial effects in diabetic patients, without compromising liver and kidney function. As a library, NLM provides access to scientific literature. frondosa, GFG-3a. To decrease your sodium intake, consider adding mushrooms to your meals. The inhibition of angiogenesis is also thought to be a mechanism involved in antitumor effects. [102], for example, showed a significant hypolipidemic effect of P. ostreatus in their uncontrolled clinical trial of 57 individuals with, primarily, combined types of dyslipidemia, following a daily administration of 10 g of freeze-dried and pulverized mushroom for 6 weeks, and found a significant decrease in TGs, TC, and TC/HDL-C (High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol). In the absence of standardization, significant differences can be found even in different batches from the same manufacturer. 1. The influence of the -glucans of A. blazei on the immune system can result in antiallergic effects. It grows on dead logs worldwide, and receives its name because its rings of brown and tan look like the tail feathers of a turkey. [56]. Life quality of postsurgical patients with colorectal cancer after supplemented diet with, Costa Fortes R., Carvalho Garbi Novaes M.R. The increasing awareness about high nutritional value accompanied by medicinal properties means that mushrooms are going to be important food item in coming days and at places may emerge as an alternate to nonvegetarian foods. In 2015, Tangen et al. Sukhnikhom W., Lertkhachonsuk R., Manchana T. The effects of active Hexose correlated compound (AHCC) on levels of CD4+ and CD8+ in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer or peritoneal cancer receiving platinum based chemotherapy. Cobalamin 0%. The cholesterol-lowering properties of an oyster mushroom diet were investigated for the first time in humans by Schneider et al. Effects of Ganopoly, Oka S., Tanaka S., Yoshida S., Himaya T., Ueno Y., Ito M., Kitadai Y., Yoshihara M., Chayama K. A water-soluble extract from culture medium of. All these factors also make it difficult to compare the results obtained in separate clinical studies. In 80% of subjects, no progression of cancer malnutrition or cachexia was observed, but rather an increase in body cell mass. The extract displayed high free radical scavenging and catalase-like and cytotoxic activities, as well as the inhibition of cell proliferation and the induction of apoptosis as well as the Pleurotus sajor-caju (Fr.) were reported by Sarangi et al. Some sources have suggested that. They are mainly composed of -glucans and are among the most studied mushroom bio-compounds. About 400 bioactive compounds have been isolated from the mycelium, fruiting bodies, and spores of this mushroom, including polysaccharides, triterpenes, ganoderic acids, phenols, amino acids, lignin, vitamins, nucleosides, nucleotides, sterols, steroids, proteins, unsaturated fatty acids, and inorganic ions [81]. This protein-bound polysaccharide has a molecular weight of approximately 100 kDa, has a polysaccharide-to-peptide balance of 9010%, is highly water soluble, and its carbohydrates are mannose, xylose, galactose, and fructose. Erinacin A was also reported to have significant antitumor activity in human gastric cancer TSGH 9201 cells, in which it induced significant apoptosis associated with increased phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase/protein kinase FAK/Akt/p70S6K and serine/threonine kinase PAK-1 pathways. Concerning the pN factor (number of lymph node metastases), expression-negative patients with pN2 or greater exhibited significantly higher RFS values. Mushrooms are naturally low in sodium an entire cup of white button mushrooms has just five milligrams of sodium. Kumar K.J.S., Vani M.G., Hsieh H.W., Lin C.C., Wang S.Y. In contrast, for the factors pT (depth of tumor invasion) and venous invasion, no statistically significant differences were observed. The resulting anti-BG antibody production could be used as an index of the immune response to -glucan in humans. Careers, Unable to load your collection due to an error. [86] observed that, following the administration of tablets of fungal extract (six mushroom dose cohorts: 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 14 g/day), there was a decline in PSA level from the first few months of intake until it became undetectable. Qul. In healthy subjects, both fungal species showed a significant decrease in FPG and postprandial plasma glucose (PPG). Both treatments showed a marked inhibition of cancer cell viability and apoptosis induction, and a significant increase in the Bax/Bcl2 mRNA ratio; they also inhibited cell migration and affected homotypic and heterotypic cellcell adhesion by inducing an increase in E-cadherin expression and negatively modulated the phosphorylation of both protein tyrosine and extracellular signal-regulated kinase ERK1/2. All three doses were well tolerated. Aside from being very low in calories, they. The dietary supplement based on maitake -glucans, with recognized immunomodulatory properties, is also known to stimulate hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor production, and the recovery of peripheral blood leukocytes after bone marrow injury. Besides, we analyzed the therapeutic use and pharmacological activities of mushrooms. The immunomodulatory and antitumor activities of Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.) Summary. Medicinal value of edible mushroom polysaccharides: a review [71] reported the results of a clinical trial in which AndosanTM extract was orally given (60 mL/d) for seven weeks to patients with multiple myeloma undergoing high-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). Chang and W.N. High terpenoid contents are found in mushrooms belonging to the genus Ganoderma P. Karst. [111] in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. [77], in which they compared chemotherapy treatment based on UFT plus leucovorin (UFT/LV) with immunotherapy treatment with PSK implementation (UFT/PSK) in 357 stage IIIB or III colorectal cancer patients who had undergone Japanese D2/D3 lymph node dissection. In both in vitro and in vivo studies, it has also been shown to increase the cytotoxic activity of primary macrophages and RAW264.7 cell lines, as well as cytotoxic activity and TNF secretion in macrophages, and cytotoxicity against sarcoma S180 cells by upregulating the proapoptotic protein Bax and downregulating the antiapoptotic protein Bc12, thus inducing apoptosis [28,29]. A decrease in interleukin IL-17F and MCP-1, and an increase in prolactin and TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligands were detected. Effects of. Oyster mushrooms are a . ostreatus to reduce blood glucose, cholesterol, and triglycerides in diabetic patients was investigated by Kathun et al. The treatment of human BV2 microglial cells with LPS-induced inflammation resulted in reduced levels of nitric oxide (NO), IL-6, TNF-, and iNOS, the inhibition of NF-B expression, and the phosphorylation of IB (p-IB) proteins, as well as the inhibition of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), and increased nuclear transcription factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) and the expression of the heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) protein. Seventy-seven subjects affected by overweight or obesity and with one or more mood disorders were randomized to receive three capsules of an HE dietary supplement for two months daily and under a low-calorie diet regimen. The capacity of Pleurotus The effects of A. sylvaticus on the side effects of chemotherapy in cancer patients were also investigated by Valadares et al. Another randomized clinical trial was reported by Ma [92], comparing the effect of lentinan when combined with nanoparticle (NP) chemotherapy (cisplatin plus navelbine) on advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients. An improvement of quality of life was obtained by administering 60 mL of AndosanTM for 21 days to patients with ulcerative colitis or Crohns disease, as well as a reduction in plasma levels of IL-5 and IL-2, respectively [58]. Rich in vitamin D, it helps . [29] on myeloid cells, involving mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages treated with lentinan with/without inflammasome triggers. ), 2Department of Agricultural and Environmental Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 165/A, I-70126 Bari, Italy; ti.abinu@onagrag.aizitelairam. Kajaba et al. coli, the bacterial peptide fMLP, and phorbol ester were used as ROS activators. tzi the Iceman, a glacier mummy preserved for 5,300 years, was found wearing a leather necklace studded with birch polypores (Piptoporus betulinus), mushrooms that can eradicate intestinal parasites.His digestive tract was full of whipworm eggs. Do "magic" mushrooms have medicinal value? - CBS News medicinal and nutritional value of mushroom By PositiveMed-Team Edited By Stephanie Dawson. The mushrooms eaten by participants included golden, oyster, shiitake and white button mushrooms. 26 Citations Metrics Abstract Mushroom is an excellent source of nutrition, tonic, medicine and dietary food items being produced and consumed all over the world. For this purpose, 78 subjects with metastatic or recurrent gastric cancer undergoing S-1 chemotherapy were selected, a proportion of whom were given 2 mg/body weight of lentinan intravenously for 30 min every 2 to 3 weeks. The reduced expression of cell cycle-related proteins and the increased expression of the transcription factor FOXO1, the autophagy marker LC3 II, and the protein p62 were recorded. Nutritional and Medicinal values of Mushrooms In book: Mushrooms: Production, consumption and Marketting Edition: I Chapter: Nutritional and Medicinal values of Mushrooms Publisher:. Coriolus versicolor, commonly known as tunzhi in China or turkey tail, has always been used as a magic herb in Asian regions and particularly in China, where ancient formulations based on this mushroom have been and are still widely used to promote good health, strength, and longevity [10,11]. Surprisingly, at the end of the treatment, reishi had not significantly influenced any of the aforementioned factors, thus not supporting the hypothesis of its possible use in the treatment of metabolic syndrome. Health Benefits of Medicinal Mushrooms - Better Nutrition [89] in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 46 women with breast cancer administered 2.1 g/d of the extract for 6 months. Another problem is the autonomous choices of people to take supplements, convinced of the efficacy of a natural substance. Ganoderic acid DM has been shown in vitro to arrest osteoclastogenesis in bone marrow cells and RAW 264 cell D-clone (RAWD) by suppressing the expression of c-Fos and nuclear factor of activated T-cells c1 (NFATc1), with the consequent inhibition of dendritic cell-specific transmembrane protein (DC-STAMP) expression and reduced osteoclast fusion [23]. Additionally, on the side of these promising results, Li et al. The consumption of A. bisporus in the diet is recommended to prevent prostate cancer due to the action of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). The concentrations of TNF- and IL-6 and liverkidney functions were assessed both before and after treatment. However, few mushrooms have been studied for bioactive compounds that can be helpful in treating various diseases. ; and M.L.G. Diversity and Medicinal Value of Mushrooms from the - Springer 2019). Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. In particular, in the treated group, the concentration of IgG and IgM increased during the treatment period and remained heightened throughout the study; IgA increased more in the P4H group than in the placebo one; Immunoglukan was also associated with an increase in NK cells and prevented the decline in CD8+ T cytotoxic lymphocytes. Adverse events were defined by subjective/objective symptoms and laboratory data according to the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 3.0 (NCI-CTCAE v3.0). The action of lentinan is also expressed by interfering with cell cycles, as demonstrated in an in vitro study on rat C6 glioma cells [30]. ; writingreview and editing, G.V. Before Magnesium 0%. This shows that PSP-mediated immunomodulatory action occurs via the TLR4 signalling pathway. Iron: 6% of the DV. Genes related to suppression of malignant phenotype induced by Maytake D-fraction in breast cancer cells. Again, there was an improvement in the patients condition in various respects, such as pain, appetite, and bowel function, with a very low rate of the occurrence of certain side effects compared to the placebo group. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help These were the results observed in subjects treated with 4 mg/d of lentinan for 12 weeks in relation to the total number of patients with NSCLC involved in the trial. The beneficial effects of a diet based on A. bisporus have been evaluated in pregnancy-related complications, like hypertension and macrosomia, in a recent randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial performed by Sun and Niu [99]. Elkhateeb W.A. However, there is a slow increase in the number of doctors using them in their daily practice. Induction apoptosis of erinacine A in human colorectal cancer cells involving the expression of TNFR, Fas, and Fas ligand via the JNK/p300/p50 signaling pathway with histone acetylation. Even those who ate only one cup saw some benefit. The anti-cancer components of, Kim J., Kim H., Kim J.H., Kwon O., Son E., Lee C., Park Y. More specifically, the methanolic extract of the mushroom induced the suppression of the proliferation of the human breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 and colon cancer cell lines HCT-116 and HT-29, and caused cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase in MCF-7 and HT-29 cells. 7 health benefits of mushrooms | UCLA Health These activities are attributable to many bioactive metabolites present in the mycelium but above all in the fruiting body, whose biological effect varies according to the chemical nature and whose distribution varies according to the fungal species. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (, medicinal mushrooms, pharmaceutical properties, biomolecules, immunomodulation, antitumor property, dietary supplements, in vitro study, clinical trial, mycotherapy. In addition, a more recent clinical study by Wang et al. G. lucidum possesses a plethora of other bioactive metabolites with numerous effects, more than 400 of which can be found in the literature (Bulam et al. Furthermore, the very fact that a fungal extract contains a multitude of demonstrably or potentially bioactive compounds often makes it difficult to link the effect to its true responsible agent, which also requires knowledge of the real concentration of the bioactive compounds contained in a supplement. Thousands of years ago in China, its medicinal properties were reported in the Compendium of Materia Medica and Shen Non-Compendium Medica, and currently in China, since 1987, and Japan, since 1977, C. versicolor extracts have been approved in routine clinical practice, especially in integrated cancer therapy in conjunction with chemotherapy or radiotherapy [10,11,12]. The growing interest in mycotherapy requires a strong commitment from the scientific community to expand clinical trials and to propose supplements of safe origin and genetic purity. Mushrooms, unique edible fungi, contain several essential nutrients and bioactive compounds including L-ergothioneine, beta-glucans, and lovastatin, which may improve cardiometabolic health through their anti-inflammatory, cholesterol-lowering, and antioxidant properties, respectively. An antiaging action of G. lucidum was shown in a recent study [26] by assaying the effects of ganoderic acid D on oxidative stress-induced stem cell senescence, using an H2O2-induced stem cell senescent model using human amniotic mesenchymal cells (hAMSCs) with a high expression of -galactosidase, a senescence-associated marker. sinensis (Berk.) The oral administration of A. blazei induced a -glucan-specific response. Medicinal and Nutritional Value of Mushroom - PositiveMed During the preventive phase, the duration and severity of respiratory symptoms were lower. In recent years, research into medicinal mushrooms has progressed exponentially, but much remains to be done. The nephroprotective effects of P. ostreatus and A. bisporus aqueous extracts on hyperoxaluria-induced urolithiasis induced in Wistar rats through the addition of 0.75% (v/v) ethylene glycol in drinking water for nine weeks have been investigated. Serving size 3 capsules, 30 servings per container. It was also demonstrated that the upregulation of death receptor molecules through the JNK MAPK/p300/NF-B pathway is mediated by the modification of histone H3K9K14ac; the results of the in vivo assay revealed, in fact, increased levels of histone H3K9K14ac, as well as histone acetylation on Fas, FasL, and TNFR promoters. Nephroprotective Effect of Pleurotus ostreatus and Agaricus bisporus Extracts and Carvedilol on Ethylene Glycol-Induced Urolithiasis: Roles of NF-B, p53, Bcl-2, Bax and Bak. Shiitake Mushrooms: Health Benefits, Nutrition, and Uses - WebMD The .gov means its official. In a study on mice [19], this molecule was also shown to improve insulin resistance and hyperlipidemia by regulating the expression of inflammatory cytokines; a reduction in plasma triglycerides (TGs) and free fatty acids, the downregulation of the proinflammatory factors IFN-, IL-6, and IL-1, and the upregulation of the expression of the anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 were observed. In almost every culture mushrooms are known and they have been used for centuries as stimulants, food, hallucinogen, rituals, or even as a death weapon. Similarly, a synergistic action with the tumor drug paclitaxel on A549 cells was exerted by activation of the ASK1/p38 MAPK signaling pathway and, consequently, of the thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP)-associated NLRP3 inflammasome (TXNIP-NLRP3) [28]. The two groups did not differ in their MHC class I expression. Lentinan, a -1,3-D-glucan extracted from Lentinula edodes or shiitake, is another compound perdmitted in and widely used in Japan for the treatment of cancers, especially gastric cancer, due to its immunomodulatory action. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. [110] wished to test the efficacy of this mushroom in the treatment of early Alzheimers disease. Medicinal mushrooms (MMs) are reported to have numerous pharmacological actions such as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antidiabetic, cytotoxic, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, anticancer, antioxidant, antiallergic, antihyperlipidemic, and prebiotic properties, among others [2,3,4,5]. Oyster mushrooms ( Pleurotus ostreatus ) are a type of edible mushroom that are shaped like oysters. The Unique Properties of Dietary Mushrooms and Their Effects on Ina K., Kataoka T., Ando T. The use of lentinan for treating gastric cancer. They also protect you against damage from aging and boost your. And now theres even more reason to work mushrooms into your diet. The objective of this study is to put together a summary of the nutrition information and link it to the possible health benefits and . Lange) Imbach showed promising results against prostate cancer by reducing immunosuppressive factors. These mushrooms have large caps . 15.1 ). Health effects and the gut microbiota were assessed in an open-label crossover trial by subjecting 32 healthy adults to the consumption of protein-matched amounts of mushrooms or meat twice daily for ten days [115]. Are Mushrooms Good for You? - Healthline [105] to investigate the effect of oyster mushrooms on the lipid profile of obese or overweight hypertensive non-diabetic subjects. They compared two different supplements, Rokkaku Reishi containing G. lucidum and Senseiro containing A. blazei Murrill, and administered them orally for six months to a total of 51 prostate cancer patients following radical prostatectomy. This research received no external funding. Copper Potassium Are mushrooms a good source of vitamin D? Mill. [104] performed an uncontrolled trial to assess the effects of P. ostreatus on the blood pressure and glycemic status of 27 hypertensive diabetic DMT2 drug-treated males. The mushroom extracts inhibited the progression of nephrolithiasis and showed nephroprotective effects against ethylene glycol-induced kidney dysfunction [55]. The most important are polysaccharides, structural components of the fungal cell wall. Agaricus blazei contains several bioactive components which activate the immune system for a multitude of defensive functions [57]. Some studies also rely on the methodology of subjective assessments of certain parameters, such as quality of life, so the result examined may not have any real scientific value [66,69,87]. Regarding claims about and labeling of dietary supplements, the American Food and Drug Administration (FDA) does not require manufacturers to prove safety and efficacy, although products must have a history of safety [64]. In the end, 582 women in the WBM group and 580 in the placebo group completed the program. Another species, A. sylvaticus Schaeff., was tested by Costa Fortes et al. In this article we will dedicate to speak about the nutritional and medicine properties of edible . Oyster Mushrooms: Nutrition and Health Benefits - WebMD Two years later, Zhao et al. Figures from the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Mori et al. Ganodermanondiol has also been reported by Kim et al. Wasser S.P. As shown by Lu et al. In particular, the A. blazei mushroom extract promotes an antimicrobial effect against peritonitis, as well as deadly oral infections [61]. Nutritional Value, Medicinal Importance, and Health-Promoting Effects In a study in Singapore, participants who ate more than two cups of mushrooms a week had a 50% lower risk of developing MCI. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of A. bisporus biomass extracts from in vitro cultures were highlighted by Muszynska et al. Phase III trial comparing UFT + PSK to UFT + LV in stage IIB, III colorectal cancer (MCSGO-CCTG), Okuno K., Aoyama T., Oba K., Yokoyama N., Matsuhashi N., Kunieda K., Nishimura Y., Akamatsu H., Kobatake T., Morita S., et al. Other results suggest a role for PSP in the activation of various pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), fundamental, therefore, in the innate immune response upon an encounter with a pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) [11]. [69]. Glycoprotein PSK was evaluated by Ito et al. The following nutrition information is for 1 cup of raw mushrooms and is provided by the USDA. Positive results for AHCC were also obtained in a clinical study conducted with patients suffering from epithelial ovarian cancer or peritoneal cancer undergoing platinum-based chemotherapy [94]. Effects of Ganodermanondiol, a new melanogenesis inhibitor from the medicinal mushroom, Xu Y., Yuan H., Luo Y., Zhao Y., Xiao J. Ganoderic acid D protects human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells against. [14], showing that PSP not only downregulated viral replication and promoted the upregulation of specific antiviral chemokines, such as RANTES, MIP-1/, and SDF-1, with blocking action on HIV-1 coreceptors in THP1 cells and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), but upregulated TLR4 expression. White button, portabella and cremini mushrooms provide the most vitamin D after exposure to UV light or sunlight. Some of them are known for their characteristic and marked immunomodulatory effect. This highlights that it is often difficult to find an optimal dose for botanical agents, probably because they generally contain several compounds that may act differently on a variety of target cells or with different strengths. In addition to anticancer activity, cardioprotective activity was also reported by [24] in their preliminary study using transverse aortic constriction (TAC) in mice to model pressure overload-induced cardiomyopathy and treatment with spore oil; the treatment resulted in a normalized ejection fraction, corrected the fractional shortening generated by TAC and reduced left ventricular hypertrophy; analysis of total RNA expression revealed the reduced expression of genes associated with cardiac failure, as well as reduced levels of RNA circ-Foxo3.
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