The ancient Greek historian Herodotus called Egypt the gift of the Nile. Indeed, the countrys rich agricultural productivityit is one of the regions major food producershas long supported a large rural population devoted to working the land. )5.56% (2019 est. Egypt | Facts & Information | Infoplease This again has its roots in the way in which the animals of the desert have adapted to life here. They spend the daylight hours in the relative cool of burrows, under boulders or in crevices and cracks in the rock. (Tunis) - Tunisian security forces have collectively expelled several hundred Black African migrants and asylum seekers, including children and pregnant . The French occupation, which ended in 1801, marked the first time a European power had conquered and occupied Egypt, and it set the stage for further European involvement. ), total population: 74.72 yearsmale: 73.53 yearsfemale: 75.98 years (2023 est. This border begins on the coast of the Red Sea at its easternmost point, although a current border dispute prevents this exact location from being identified. )note: data are in 2017 dollars, 3.33% (2021 est. Egypt is not, as is often believed, an entirely flat country. Moreover, since that time, Egypts history has been part of the broader Islamic world, and though Egyptians continued to be ruled by foreign elitewhether Arab, Kurdish, Circassian, or Turkishthe countrys cultural milieu remained predominantly Arab. This border ends when it reaches the Gulf of Aqaba along the eastern coast of the Sinai Peninsula. Travel restrictions by country following the Omicron variant outbreak )subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 95 (2021 est. This gulf opens into the Red Sea. It has an Exclusive Economic Zone of 263,451km2 (101,719sqmi). The Mamluk sultans of Egypt, under whom the country thrived for several centuries, established a pseudo-caliphate of dubious legitimacy. North of Isna (160 km north of Aswan), the plateau on both sides of the valley rises to as much as 550 m above sea level; at Qina (some 90 km north of Isna) the 300-m limestone cliffs force the Nile to change course towards the southwest for about 60 km before it turns northwest for about 160 km to Asyut. Age structure. But in 1517 the Ottoman Empire defeated the Mamluks and established control over Egypt that lasted until 1798, when Napoleon I led a French army in a short occupation of the country. Under the treaty, Israel's border with Egypt was set and Israel withdrew all its forces and settlers from the Sinai, a process which was completed in 1982. Egypt is trying to end the fighting in neighbouring Sudan by hosting a summit of regional leaders, but the warring sides were not invited. The Nile enters Egypt a few kilometers north of Wadi Halfa, a Sudanese town that was completely rebuilt on high ground when its original site was submerged in the reservoir created by the Aswan High Dam. The Gulf of Aqaba borders Egypt, Israel, Jordan and Saudi Arabia. )biomass and waste: 0.2% of total installed capacity (2020 est. These two countries were involved in a war against each other in 1977, which led to an unfriendly political relationship for a little over a decade. )methane emissions: 59.68 megatons (2020 est. This immense desert to the west of the Nile spans the area from the Mediterranean Sea southwards to the Sudanese border. ), total: 24.1 yearsmale: 23.8 yearsfemale: 24.5 years (2020 est. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. This dip creates the Bir Tawil. From this disputed area, this border moves in a straight line headed in a western direction until it reaches the tripoint border between Libya, Sudan, and Egypt. )other alcohols: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. The first of these official boundaries was formalized in 1899 as a political boundary, while the second was identified in 1902 as an administrative boundary. ), municipal: 10.75 billion cubic meters (2020 est. The government of Israel has built an approximately 152-mile long barrier fence along this international boundary, claiming that this move was an effort to prevent illegal immigrants from entering Israel from African countries. The Eastern Desert is relatively mountainous. Egypt International Travel Information The finished barrier will measure at least 60 feet underground. ), 22.6 years (2014 est. Even those animals that do brave the heat of the day are normally only active in the early morning or evening. The canal separates the African continent from Asia, and it provides the shortest maritime route between Europe and the lands lying around the Indian and western Pacific oceans. The conversion of the delta to perennial irrigation has made possible the raising of two or three crops a year, instead of one, over more than half of its total area. Most of the country is desert, so about 95% of the population is concentrated in a narrow strip of fertile land along the Nile River, which represents only about 5% of Egypts land area. The cultivated portion of the Nile valley between Cairo and Aswn varies from 5 to 10 miles (8 to 16 km) in width, although there are places where it narrows to a few hundred yards and others where it broadens to 14 miles (23 km). Similar to the desert, the peninsula contains mountains in its southern sector that are a geological extension of the Red Sea Hills, the low range along the Red Sea coast that includes Mount Catherine (Jabal Katrinah), the country's highest point, at 2,642 m above sea-level. In the 2000s, Egypt began facilitating more labor migration through bilateral agreements, notably with Arab countries and Italy, but illegal migration to Europe through overstayed visas or maritime human smuggling via Libya also rose. Egypt; Sudan; Eritrea; Djibouti; The Gulf of Suez is entirely bordered by Egypt. Egypt is divided into 28 governorates, which include two city-governortes: Alexandria (Alexandria Governorate) and Cairo (Cairo Governorate). Successful legislative elections were held in October-November 2020, having been delayed for six months. 2,450 km. The United Nations has warned that the three-month . July 14, 2023 2:05 PM. What countries does Egypt share border with? - Answers Egypt's land frontiers border Libya to the west, Sudan to the south, and Israel to the northeast. ), -0.29 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est. )from coal and metallurgical coke: 8.728 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est. In 2011, a popular uprising toppled Egypt's long-time president, Hosni Mubarek. A brackish lake, Birket Qarun, at the northern reaches of Al Fayyum Oasis, drained into the Nile in ancient times. The Nile valley extends approximately 800 km from Aswan to the outskirts of Cairo. Updates? With the exception of the cities of Alexandria, Port Said, and Suez and a few small ports and resorts such as Mars Marh and Al-Alamayn (El-Alamein), the coastal regions are sparsely populated and underdeveloped. What Countries Border Egypt? Map Quiz - By lolxdz - Sporcle 3 Dec 2021 01:51 PM (GMT) More than 30 countries have closed their borders to some nations and others have imposed stricter measures to curb the spread of the Omicron variant. Red Sea, Arabic Al-Bar Al-Amar, narrow strip of water extending southeastward from Suez, Egypt, for about 1,200 miles (1,930 km) to the Bab el-Mandeb Strait, which connects with the Gulf of Aden and thence with the Arabian Sea. Suez Canal, Arabic Qant al-Suways, sea-level waterway running north-south across the Isthmus of Suez in Egypt to connect the Mediterranean and the Red seas. ), Egyptian pounds (EGP) per US dollar -15.645 (2021 est. ), information varies; approximately 450,000 active duty personnel (325,000 Army; 18,000 Navy; 30,000 Air Force; 75,000 Air Defense Command); approximately 300,000 Central Security Forces personnel (2022), the EAF's inventory is comprised of a mix of domestically produced, Soviet-era, and more modern, particularly Western, weapons systems; in recent years, the EAF has embarked on an extensive equipment modernization program with significant purchases from foreign suppliers; major suppliers have included France, Germany, Italy, Russia, and the US; Egypt has an established defense industry that produces a range of products from small arms to armored vehicles and naval vessels; it also has licensed and co-production agreements with several countries, including the US (2023), voluntary enlistment possible from age 16 for men and women; 18-30 years of age for conscript service for men; service obligation 14-36 months, followed by a 9-year reserve obligation; active service length depends on education; high school drop-outs serve for the full 36 months, while college graduates serve for lesser periods of time, depending on their education (2023)note: conscripts are estimated to comprise over half of the military, as well as a considerable portion of the Central Security Force, 1,000 Central African Republic (MINUSCA); 1,075 Mali (MINUSMA) (May 2022), the Egyptian Armed Forces (EAF) are responsible for external defense but also have an internal role assisting police and paramilitary security forces during emergencies and in anti-terrorism operations; the EAF also participates in foreign peacekeeping and other security missions, as well as both bilateral and multinational exercises; the military has considerable political power and independence; it has long had a crucial role in Egypts politics and has a large stake in the civilian economy, including running banks, businesses, gas stations, shipping lines, and utilities, and producing consumer and industrial goods, importing commodities, and building and managing infrastructure projects, such as bridges, roads, hospitals, and housing; the various enterprises are reportedly profitable enough to make the armed forces largely self-fundedkey areas of concern for the EAF include Islamic militant groups operating out of the Sinai Peninsula, regional challenges such as instability in Libya and Yemen, and maritime security; since 2011, the EAF has been conducting operations alongside other security forces in the North Sinai governorate against several militant groups, particularly the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham; since 2014, it has deployed large numbers of troops along its border with Libya and provided air support to the Saudi-led coalition operating in Yemen; the Navy in recent years has sought to modernize and expand its capabilities and profile in the Eastern Mediterranean and Red Sea, including the acquisition of helicopter carriers, modern frigates, and attack submarines; in 2020, the EAF inaugurated a large joint service military base on the Red Sea to secure the countrys southern coasts, protect economic investments and natural resources, and confront security challenges in the Red Sea regionthe EAF is the largest and one of the best equipped militaries in the region; the Armys primary combat forces include approximately 13 divisions, which are mostly armored or mechanized, complemented by some independent armored and infantry brigades; the EAF has approximately 5,000 artillery systems, plus surface-to-surface missile forces and a large special operations command, which includes airborne, airmobile, commando, special forces, and other specialized units; the Navys principal warships are approximately 20 frigates and corvettes, 8 attack submarines, and 2 French-built helicopter-capable amphibious assault ships (LHDs); the Air Force has more than 300 French-, Russian-, and US-made fighter and multipurpose fighter aircraft, as well as nearly 100 US- and Russian-produced attack helicoptersEgypt is a major security partner of the US and one of the largest recipients of US military aid in the region; it also has Major Non-NATO Ally status with the US, a designation under US law that provides foreign partners with certain benefits in the areas of defense trade and security cooperationthe Multinational Force & Observers (MFO) has operated in the Sinai since 1982 as a peacekeeping and monitoring force to supervise the implementation of the security provisions of the 1979 Egyptian-Israeli Treaty of Peace; the MFO is an independent international organization, created by agreement between Egypt and Israel; ait is composed of about 1,150 troops from 13 countries; Colombia, Fiji, and the US are the leading providers of troops to the MFO (2023), the International Maritime Bureau reports the territorial waters of Egypt are a risk for armed robbery against ships; in 2022, one attempted attack against a commercial vessel was reported, this was the first incident reported in four years; the reported incident occurred in port while the ship was anchored, Terrorist group(s): Army of Islam; Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham Sinai Province (ISIS-SP); al-Qaidanote: details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix-T, Sudan claims but Egypt de facto administers security and economic development of Halaib region north of the 22nd parallel boundary; Egypt no longer shows its administration of the Bir Tawil trapezoid in Sudan on its maps; Gazan breaches in the security wall with Egypt in January 2008 highlight difficulties in monitoring the Sinai border, refugees (country of origin): 70,021 (West Bank and Gaza Strip) (mid-year 2022); 52,446 (Sudan) (refugees and asylum seekers), 20,970 (South Sudan) (refugees and asylum seekers), 21,105 (Eritrea) (refugees and asylum seekers), 15,585 (Ethiopia) (refugees and asylum seekers), 10,025 (Yemen) (refugees and asylum seekers), 6,815 (Iraq) (refugees and asylum seekers), 6,802 (Somalia) (refugees and asylum seekers) (2022); 255,565 (Sudan) (refugees since 15 April 2023), 147,999 (Syria), (2023)stateless persons: 10 (2022), major source of precursor chemicals used in the production of illicit narcotics, total population growth rate v. urban population growth rate, 2000-2030, Children under the age of 5 years underweight, School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education), International law organization participation, Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income, Household income or consumption by percentage share, Civil aircraft registration country code prefix, Military and security service personnel strengths, Military equipment inventories and acquisitions, Refugees and internally displaced persons, Center for the Study of Intelligence (CSI). The amendments would also allow future presidents up to two consecutive six-year terms in office, reestablish an upper legislative house, allow for one or more vice presidents, establish a 25% quota for female legislators, reaffirm the militarys role as guardian of Egypt, and expand presidential authority to appoint the heads of judicial councils. ), total: 9,349,469 (2020 est. Overview: The Arab Republic of Egypt is located in northeast Africa and, with the Sinai Peninsula, extends into southwest Asia. Despite the incongruent ethnicity of successive ruling groups and the cosmopolitan nature of Egypts larger urban centres, the language and culture of the rural, agrarian masseswhose lives were largely measured by the annual rise and fall of the Nile River, with its annual inundationhad changed only marginally throughout the centuries. Of this area, less than 1% is made up of a body of water. Although the countrys total fertility rate (TFR) fell from roughly 5.5 children per woman in 1980 to just over 3 in the late 1990s, largely as a result of state-sponsored family planning programs, the population growth rate dropped more modestly because of decreased mortality rates and longer life expectancies. The map shows the Mediterranean region with the Mediterranean Sea, marginal seas, countries, international borders, capitals, largest cities and big islands. List of countries and territories by number of land borders )proven reserves: 16 million metric tons (2019 est. Palestine, The Sudan, Israel, Libya. To the South of Jordan is the Red Sea which is also the only outlet to sea at the Gulf of Aqaba. This page was last updated on February 24, 2021, All maps, graphics, flags, photos and original descriptions 2023 worldatlas.com, The Egyptian People - Cultures of the World, The Second Intermediate Kingdom Of Ancient Egypt, The Late (Persian) Kingdom Period Of Ancient Egypt, These Small Towns in Florida's Emerald Coast Come Alive in Summer, 7 Most Underrated Cities In South Carolina, 9 of the Friendliest Towns in Pennsylvania, These Small Towns in the Gulf Coast Come Alive in Summer.
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